Gluconeogenesis
This metabolic pathway synthesizes glucose from non‑carbohydrate precursors.
What is gluconeogenesis?
High levels of this regulatory molecule stimulate glycolysis and inhibit gluconeogenesis.
What is fructose‑2,6‑bisphosphate?
This muscle‑derived metabolite travels to the liver to be converted back into glucose.
What is lactate?
This molecule is the primary product of the oxidative phase of the Pentose Phosphate Pathway and is essential for reductive biosynthesis.
What is NADPH?
This biotin‑dependent enzyme converts pyruvate into oxaloacetate in the mitochondria.
What is pyruvate carboxylase?
Using different enzymes for opposing steps in metabolic pathways is known by this term.
What is substrate cycling?
This organ completes the second half of the Cori cycle by performing gluconeogenesis.
What is the liver?
This five‑carbon sugar produced in the Pentose Phosphate Pathway is required for nucleotide and nucleic acid synthesis.
What is ribose‑5‑phosphate?
The conversion of oxaloacetate to phosphoenolpyruvate during gluconeogenesis consumes this nucleotide triphosphate.
What is GTP?
This type of regulation involves the reversible phosphorylation of enzymes to change their activity.
What is covalent modification?
This metabolic condition in muscle triggers lactate production, initiating the Cori cycle.
What is anaerobic glycolysis?
This cell type relies heavily on the Pentose Phosphate Pathway because it needs large amounts of NADPH to defend against oxidative damage.
What are red blood cells?
This three‑carbon molecule, produced during anaerobic glycolysis, is a major substrate for gluconeogenesis.
What is lactate?
Small molecules such as AMP or ATP binding away from an enzyme’s active site regulate metabolism by this mechanism.
What is allosteric regulation?
This enzyme converts pyruvate to lactate in muscle and lactate back to pyruvate in the liver.
What is lactate dehydrogenase?
This enzyme catalyzes the first and rate‑limiting step of the oxidative phase of the Pentose Phosphate Pathway.
What is glucose‑6‑phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)?
This regulatory molecule inhibits fructose‑1,6‑bisphosphatase, helping coordinate gluconeogenesis with glycolysis.
What is AMP?
Adjusting the amount of enzyme synthesized over time controls metabolism at this level.
What is regulation of gene expression?
This physiological situation greatly increases reliance on the Cori cycle due to rapid ATP demand and limited oxygen.
What is intense exercise?
This enzyme in the non‑oxidative phase of the Pentose Phosphate Pathway interconverts sugars, allowing the pathway to feed intermediates into glycolysis.
What is transketolase?