Native Americans Under Pressure
a type of large, wild ox; the center of Native American life on the Great Plains
What is buffalo
a town that undergoes rapid growth due to sudden prosperity; spurred by mining
What is boomtown
Where was gold first discovered?
Sutter's Mill
Farmers wanted the U.S. government to mint more coins made of _______.
What is silver
What invention led to the end of the open-range system?
barbed wire invented by Joseph Glidden
a ritual dance performed by Native Americans; the purpose was to restore traditional ways of life
What is Ghost Dance
a train route across the United States; led to an increase in western railway lines; connected East and West
What is Transcontinental Railroad
Name of route used to drive cattle overland from ranches in Texas to Kansas railheads.
Chisholm Trail
What effect did mechanization have on farmers.
It increased the amount of goods they could produce, which decreased the prices.
an area set aside by the government for Native American tribes; Native Americans lived on these locations
What is reservations
a Native American tribe from the central United States; continually clashed with white settles over hunting grounds
What is Sioux
a law passed in the 1860s that encouraged further settlement and farming in the West; required the building of roads/wells
What is Homestead Act
What were organizations formed to protect and fight for the rights of Spanish Americans
Hispanic-American Alliance
an American orator and politician from Nebraska; campaigned directly to the people while traveling the country
What is William Jennings Bryan
a battle between General George Custer and several groups of Native Americans; resulted in national outrage and to the loss of Native American land
What is Battle of Little Bighorn
the last major confrontation between US soldiers and Native Americans during the Indian Wars; between 100 - 250 Indians were massacred
What is Wounded Knee
a cattle driver from Mexico who developed the open-range system; inspired cowboys
What is vaquero
What book did Helen Hunt Jackson write?
A Century of Dishonor
What group helped to build the transcontinental railroad?
The Chinese
This treaty asked Native Americans to stick to a limited area and that area would be theirs forever.
Fort Laramie Treaty
a federal law intended to replace reservations with farmsteads for Native American families; each Native American family received 160 acres of land
What is Dawes General Allotment Act
After the 1890 Census declared the frontier was closed, he developed the "frontier thesis" that claimed the frontier helped developed the rugged individualism of America.
Who is Frederick Jackson Turner
This set aside land and provided money for agricultural colleges
Land Morrill Act
The first organization of farmers. It was a campaign for state control of the railroads and grain elevator rates; persuaded the US government to increase railroad regulations
What is the National Grange
He was the commander who attacked the Cheyenne at Sand Creek
John Chivington