RBCs the O2 OG
RBCs produce this and it is the component that carries O2...
What is hemoglobin?
This is the word for a low platelet count...
What is thrombocytopenia?
These blood tests differentiate between B12 and Folic Acid deficiency...
What are MMA & Homocysteine?
B12 breaks these down so, if levels are high of MMA & Homocysteine, that means there is not enough B12 metabolizing these. If levels are normal, B12 is OK and folic acid is just deficient.
Pregnant women are recommended to take folic acid supplements during pregnancy because deficiency can result in these...
What are neural tube defects and orofacial abnormalities?
Most common neural tube defects: spina bifida, where the spinal cord doesn't close completely, and anencephaly, where parts of the brain and skull are missing.
The problem with sickled RBCs is that they...
What is cannot carry O2?
Fe+ deficiency may be related to these 2 types of problems...
What is lack of Fe+ in the diet or malabsorption of Fe+?
Malabsorption may be related to H2 blockers, PPIs, and antacids that reduce gastric acid (needed for Fe+ absorption), drinking tea when ingesting Fe+ rich foods (tannins & flavonoids block Fe+ absorption), and/or ingesting Ca+ rich foods w Fe+ rich foods; malabsorption may also occur w GI disorders like IBS
Anemia may be related to these 2 causes...
What is decreased # of RBCs or decreased Hgb?
Platelets matter because...
What is they form clots when needed and keep us from bleeding to death?
B12 deficiency often occurs with this other B vit deficiency...
What is Folic Acid (B9) deficiency?
Folic acid is actually this water-soluble vitamin...
What is B9?
Triggers for sickle cell crisis may include... (name at least 3)
What are dehydration, cold temps, high altitude, depressurized airplane cabins (???), hot temps, intense physical activity, or no identifiable trigger at all?
These foods are high in iron... (name at least 2)
What are green, leafy veggies, beats, legumes, grains, red meats?
This organ removes old RBCs and is on approximately a 120 d cycle...
What is the spleen?
If a pt has thrombocytopenia (low platelet count), the nurse might observe these s/s...
What is bruising, petechiae, bleeding that won't stop?
This sign is when an electric shock sensation radiates down the spine w neck flexion and leads to paresthesia in the hands & feet,,,
What is Lhermitte's sign?
B12 is essential for nerve health, and a deficiency can lead to nerve damage.
Because Folic Acid is water soluble and not stored in the body, it is essential to get folic acid from these foods... (name at least 3)
What are fortified cereals, bran, yeast, grains, legumes, green leafy veggies, nuts?
Hydroxyurea is...
What is a med used in the txment of sickle cell that causes production of fetal Hgb instead of Hgb S (sickled Hgb), but causes myelosuppression (decreased ability of bone marrow to produce myeloid blood cells) and is teratogenic (alters fetal development)?
Glossitis is...
What is painful swelling of the tongue with a smooth and shiny appearance because the papillae flatten out?
FYI: With decreased Fe+, the production of new cells slows significantly. The cells on the tongue's surface are among the most rapidly dividing cells in the body, so they are among the first to be affected by this slowed cell regeneration. This leads to atrophy, or shrinking, of the tongue's papillae.
With this anemia, the spleen may become enlarged because it is processing so many mutated RBCs...
What is sickle cell anemia?
The RBCs are shaped like a sickle or a C and are denoted as Hgb S.
Education for a pt with thrombocytopenia should include... (name 3 things)
What is avoid anything that could cause bleeding...flossing, use an electric razor instead of a straight razor, use stool softeners (hemorrhoids, fissures), avoid activities that could cause injury like contact sports, avoid using scissors or sharp tools, eat soft foods?
B12 is water soluble, meaning the body does not store any B vitamins, so B12 must be routinely ingested. It is important to know that B12 is only found in this type of protein and foods high in B12 include...
Bonis for Double Points: Who is most at risk for deficiency?
What are ANIMAL proteins?
So who is at risk...vegetarians & VEGANS
What are meat, seafood, eggs, dairy?
Risk for folic acid deficiency include...(name at least 2)
What are pregnancy, ETOH, chronic illness, nutritional deficits/extreme diets?
The purpose of a blood transfusion for a pt w sickle cell is to...
But the problem with receiving multiple blood transfusions is...
What is dilute the # sickled cells?
What is increased risk for transfusion reaction?
Koilonychias is...
What are brittle, spoon shaped nails?
RBCs are produced in...
What is bone marrow?
Risk of thrombocytopenia may be related to...
What are increased use of platelets by the body to form a large clot, increased platelet destruction related to malignancy, infection, med reaction (Sulfa!), or autoimmune response (Lupus)?
These are 2 other names for B12...(name at least 1)
What are Cobalamin and/or extrinsic factor?
A decrease in # of these/this condition puts pts w folic acid deficiency at this risk...
What are decreased # of platelets/thrombocytopenia puts pts w folic acid deficiency at risk for bleeding?
Priority nursing interventions during a sickle cell crisis include...
What is O2, increased fluids, and pain management?
Expected lab findings with Fe+ deficiency would include...
What are low H & H, and decreased serum Fe+?
This is the fancy name for RBCs...
What is erythrocytes?
To determine if therapy is effective, the RN knows to monitor...
What is the platelet count?
B12 aids in these bodily functions... (name at least 2)
What are normal function of the CNS, formation of RBCs, DNA synthesis & regulation, synthesis of fatty acids & energy production.
Folic acid deficiency often occurs in conjunction with this other deficiency and therefore, it is important to use these serum tests to differentiate between the two...
What is B12 deficiency? and what is serum MMA & Homocysteine?
Prevention of sickle cell crisis includes... (name at least 2)
What are 2-3 L fluid/d, avoid smoking & second hand smoke, seek prompt attention if s/s infection, avoid high stress, avoid high altitudes?
Assessment findings, like with all anemias, include...
These findings are related to compensation for low O2...
What are SOB, fatigue, pallor, possible ALOC?
What are tachycardia and tachypnea?
This is a hormone that the body produces naturally and may be administered to stimulate the production of RBCs...
What is erythropoietin?
True or False: Thrombocytopenia is not considered a disease, but a complication of other disorders...
What is TRUE!
If B12 deficiency results in decreased # of RBCs, the RN expects to see these s/s of compensation r/t hypoxemia...
(decreased RBCs = low Hgb = hypoxemia because less O2 being transported through body = decreased perfusion)
What are tachycardia & tachypnea?
Heart & lungs attempting to compensate for decreased perfusion!
With B12, B9 helps the body with...
What is DNA synthesis and Heme (Hgb) production?
Pts with sickle cell might want to consider genetic counseling before having children because...
What is both parents have to be positive for the gene in order for the children to be positive?
An expected side effect of Fe+ supplements is...
What is constipation?