The most common endpoint reaction seen in blood banking.
What is Agglutination?
100
Mixture of antibodies from different plasma cell lines and recognizes many epitopes.
What is Polyclonal antiglobulin
100
Based on the principle that antihuman globulins (AHG's) obtained from immunized nonhuman species bind to human globulins such as IgG or complement either free in serum or attached to antigens or red blood cells (RBC's)
What is The Antiglobulin Test, also called Coombs' Test
100
Bacterial contamination of cells leading to T-activation
What is False Positive
100
Tubes containing gel separators are unacceptable
What is unacceptable
200
The reduction in the negative electrical charges between red blood cells
What is Zeta Potential
200
Process used to recover antibodies off of sensitized red blood cells. It works by disrupting the bonds between the antigen and the antibody
What is Elution
200
Hybridoma technology fuses mouse spleen lymphocytes with myeloma cells
What is Monoclonal AHG production
200
Tested against cells known to be free of antibody and complement daily
What is AHG
200
Is to detect in-vivo (in the body) sensitized red cells with IgG and /or complement components in which red blood cells are mixed with antihuman globulin to determine if sensitization has occurred in-vivo.
What is The principle of DAT testing
300
Are used to quantitate the strength of an antigen-antibody reaction.
What are Grading reactions
300
Antibody prepared in rabbits or other suitable animals that is directed against human immunoglobulins, complement or both.
What is Antihuman globulin antisera
300
This sera is a blend of these three globulins and detects red cells that have been sensitized with IgG antibodies or complement (C3b or C3d)
What is Polyspecific AHG
300
Elution of the antibody during the washing
What is False Negative
300
Detection of antigens on RBC not demonstrated by other typings, such as Du testing and Kell, Duffy, Kidd typing
What is a purpose for an IAT test
400
Used as an additive to increase antibody uptake
What is Polyethylene Glycol (PEG)
400
A positively charged polymer that causes normal red blood cells to aggregate spontaneously by neutralizing the negative surface charge contributed by sialic acid
What is Polybrene
400
There are five basic types:
Anti IgG
Anti C3
Anti C3b
Anti C3d
Anti C4
What is o Monospecific AHG
400
Over Centrifugation
What is False Positive
400
Is to detect in-vitro sensitized red cells.
What is the principle of IAT testing
500
A reaction in which the optimum concentration of antigen and antibody is present.
What is Zone of Equivalence
500
Antibodies that do not react with antigens present on the RBC’s of the antibody producer
What is Alloantibodies
500
Produced by injecting animals with human globulin components and then collecting the antihuman antibodies. More than one spleen lymphocyte will produce immunoglobulins. Sera made from these animals will be directed against multiple epitopes
What is Polyclonal antisera
500
If a positive ____________ Test is obtained using such a refrigerated specimen, repeat the test with a freshly drawn specimen
What is Direct Antiglobulin
500
Designed to detect antigen-antibody complexes that have formed in-vivo