Blood 1
What are the three sections of centrifuged blood?
What is in each layer?
Plasma, Buffy Coat, Red Blood cells
Plasma - Water, electrolytes, proteins, things dissolved in the water.
Buffy Coat - Platelets and White Blood Cells
Red Blood cells - RBCs
Describe the structure of a Red blood cell and its main functions.
Red Blood cell - Round biconcave disc, lacks nucleus, contains protein hemoglobin
Functions - carries oxygen to tissues and carbon dioxide back to the lungs
What are the differences between AV valves and Semilunar Valves
AV valves: leaflets are anchored to the ventricular walls by fibrous cords called chordae tendonae that are anchored to the ventricular walls by muscular extensions called papillary muscles.
Semilunar valves: made of cusps that do not require anchoring.
What vessels facilitate gas exchange?
capillaries
Star Wars Trivia - Who said "I know what I have to do, but I don't know that I have the strength to do it."
Kylo Ren
What is the difference between Hydrostatic and Osmotic pressure?
Hydrostatic - Push
Osmotic - Pull
Star Wars Trivia - Per Yoda, what is the path to the dark side?
Fear
What is it called when the heart beats at 57 beats per minute?
What is the normal range for heart rate?
Bradycardia
60-100
What is the first and last vessel in the Pulmonary Circuit?
First - Pulmonary Trunk
Last - Pulmonary Vein
A person sees their cardiologist and during evaluation they receive an ECG that shows no clear P waves, but the QRS wave is normal. Based on this alone, what part of their heart is likely not functioning properly?
Atria
In Hemostasis - What are the 3 phases and how do they work?
Vasospasm
Platelet Plug formation
Coagulation Cascade
What is the name for the condition where you have too many/not enough of the following:
White blood Cells
Platelets
Leukocytosis
Leukopenia
Thrombocytosis
Thrombocytopenia
Where in the heart is the AV node located?
Around the point where the intraventricular septum meets the interatrial septum
What is the first and last vessel in the Systemic Circuit?
First - Aorta
Last - Vena Cava
How does a red blood cell carry oxygen/carbon dioxide?
Hemoglobin
What are the 2 categories of WBCs and what types of WBCs are in each category?
Granulocytes - Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils
Agranulocytes - Lymphocytes, Monocytes
A person who has a blood type AB donates their blood at a local blood drive. Which types of blood can receive this person's blood?
Type AB only
what two chambers of the heart contain blood with higher concentrations of carbon dioxide?
Right Atrium
Right Ventricle
What are the differences/similarities between arteries and veins?
Arteries: More muscular, smaller lumen, carry blood away from the heart
Veins: Less muscular, larger lumen, carries blood toward the heart
Describe the coagulation cascade that leads to a fibrin clot formation.
See slide
A woman develops widespread edema secondary to liver failure. How is the failure of her liver contributing to the decreased osmotic pressure of the blood and therefore edema?
Her liver is not producing adequate albumin, which is the main contributor to the osmotic pressure of the blood. Due to this the tissues have a higher osmotic pressure than the blood and water moves into the tissues.
An individual comes into the ED after sustaining a deep laceration to the forearm. He has lost a significant amount of blood since the accident. His PO2 was measured on arrival to the ED and was found to be 74%. When it comes to assessing his blood at that moment, what diagnosis would you give?
Hemorrhagic Anemia
A man has a myocardial infarction wherein a clot gets lodged in his coronary artery that affects the ventricle only. If this person were to get an ECG during this myocardial infarction, what wave would you expect to be abnormal?
QRS wave, T wave
A woman gets rushed to the ED after having some left sided weakness and it is quickly found that she has had a stroke due to a clot getting lodged in their brain. Assuming the structure of the heart is normal, where would the clot have to have formed?
Left Atrium
Describe Rh factor.
Antigen D. on the surface of some red blood cells. person who is Rh- doesn't develop antibodies until after they are exposed to Rh+ blood.