Syntax & Semantics
CS 5000
CS 5000
Rules that determine valid structure in a programming language
What is syntax?
A data type that stores text
What is a string?
A fixed-size collection of elements of the same type
What is an array?
Last-In, First-Out data structure
What is a stack?
This symbol means 'for all'
What is ∀?
The set containing no elements
What is the empty set (∅)?
Underlying meaning of syntactic code structures
What is semantics?
Stores true or false values
What is a boolean?
A dynamic collection that allows insertions and deletions
What is a list?
First-In, First-Out data structure
What is a queue?
This is the method of proving a statement by assuming the opposite
What is proof by contradiction?
This symbol means 'element of'
What is ∈?
These words are reserved by the language and can't be used as variable names
What are keywords?
Numeric type for decimal values
What is a float or double?
Traversal of a collection from first to last
What is iteration?
Operation to add an element to a stack
What is push?
This rule allows you to derive Q from P → Q and P
What is modus ponens?
The result of combining two sets
What is union (∪)?
Error from violating programming language rules
What is a syntax error?
Operation that evaluates to a new value
What is an expression?
Used to insert a new node in a linked list
What is a pointer/reference?
Removing an element from a queue
What is dequeue?
This is the method of demonstrating truth using steps and reasoning
What is a mathematical proof?
The set of elements in both A and B
What is intersection (∩)?
Logical grouping of code within braces or indentation
What is a block?
This process converts one data type into another
What is type casting?
Access time complexity for an element in an array
What is O(1)?
This method checks if a stack is empty
What is isEmpty?
This proof technique shows a base case and inductive step
What is mathematical induction?
This symbol means 'subset'
What is ⊆?