Turing
In Turing's 1950 article, “Computing Machinery and Intelligence,” he tells us:
“I believe in about fifty years’ time it will be possible to program computers...to make them play the imitation game so well that an average interrogator will not have more than a 70 % chance of making the right identification after...questioning” for this amount of time.
What is 5 minutes?
In Discourse on the Method, Descartes developed two tests for determining whether a machine was intelligent. The first was language, while the second was this.
What is general reasoning?
The object of this game is to deceive an interrogator into thinking that a machine’s replies to his questions are actually coming from a person. If the machine is able to dupe the interrogator, then the machine has “passed the test.”
What is "The Imitation Game"? (or the "Turing Test")
The mind/body problem is a problem because of this.
How can something non-physical have a cause/effect relationship with something that is physical?
In “Computing Machinery and Intelligence,” Turing considers a number of objections. This one states: “The consequences of machines thinking would be too dreadful. Let us hope and believe that they cannot do so.”
What is the ‘Heads in the Sand’ Objection?
In the second Meditation, Descartes says:
[I] see men crossing the square.…I normally say that I see the men themselves… yet, do I see any more than hats and coats which could conceal automatons? I judge that they are men.
This sounds like a precursor to this test.
What is the Turing Test?
"machines which move by sudden jumps or clicks from one quite definite state to another.”
What are "Discrete State Machines"?
Descartes first level of doubt.
What is senses can deceive us?
“Not until a machine can write a sonnet or compose a concerto because of thoughts and emotions felt, and not by the chance fall of symbols, could we agree that machine equals brain." This objection is called this.
What is the argument from consciousness?
Descartes dualism consists in the res cogitans (the mind) and this.
What is the res extensa (body)?