Cholera
Name the pathogen that causes cholera
Vibrio cholerae
Name the pathogen that causes malaria
Plasmodium
Name the pathogen that causes HIV
Human immunodeficiency virus
Name the pathogen that causes TB
Mycobacterium tuberculosis or Mycobacterium bovis
What is drug resistance?
Pathogens develop mutation that allows them to survive medication
What type of pathogen causes cholera?
Bacteria
What type of pathogen causes malaria?
Protist/parasite
What type of pathogen causes HIV?
What type of pathogen causes TB?
Bacteria
What steps can we take to prevent drug resistance?
Finishing antibiotics when prescribed, only taking correct antibiotics when prescribed, not treating colds/flus with antibiotics
How is cholera transmitted?
Water-borne, through water contaminated by infected human fecal matter
How is malaria transmitted?
Blood-borne, transmitted through mosquito vector, across placenta
How is HIV transmitted?
Through bodily fluids, blood, across placenta
Direct contact
How is TB transmitted?
Airborne, inhalation of droplets from infected individual
Which part of bacteria does penicillin act on?
Peptidoglycan in cell wall
Water-treatment infrastructure (specifically chloride), sanitation of cooking/eating utensils
List two steps of prevention for malaria
List two steps for HIV prevention
Public health education, contact tracing, antiretroviral drugs, needle exchange systems
List two steps to prevention of TB
Contact-tracing, vaccine for M. bovis, finishing antibiotic prescription
How do bacteria transmit DNA to one another?
Through plasmids (small circular DNA) during conjugation
List two risk factors for cholera
Poor water treatment infrastructure, natural disasters, crowded areas with low sanitation
What is one drawback to preventative medicine for malaria?
The parasites are evolving resistance
What makes HIV so difficult to eradicate?
Long latency of virus, requires behavioral change in population, body cannot fight virus
Why is it unlikely TB will be eradicated soon?
TB has evolved drug resistance, MDR-TB resistant to first-line antibiotics. XDR-TB resistant to most antibiotics.
Where are we more likely to find resistant strains of pathogens?
Places with high use of antibiotics like hospitals and prisons.