6.1 Describe the distribution of the Earth's water
Surface fresh water includes...
ice sheets, glaciers, lakes, rivers, swamps, marshes, permafrost
climate change...
includes, changes in rainfall, sea level rise, differing weather patterns
Why does water insecurity lead to reduced crop yield and crop failure?
The obvious reason: if there is little to no water supply in farms, agricultural areas, or even in backyards with plants, then the crops will die off.
What are some sustainable water extraction systems?
Piped supply, aquifers, artesian wells, boreholes, gravity-fed schemes, reservoirs and dams.
What is rationing?
Rationing ensures that critically limited water supplies are distributed in a way that sufficient water is delivered to preserve public health and safety.
Sub-surface fresh water includes...
soil moisture, ground water, permafrost
natural disasters...
includes, droughts and floods. Also, this can be because of climate change
How does water scarcity impact livestock?
If animals aren't receiving sufficient water, they will die and therefore there will be a reduction in livestock. This impacts the production of food in a country or region as well.
improved irrigation techniques (drip irrigation for example), growing crops less dependent on high water supply, recycling and rain water catchment.
What are some irrigation techniques?
Drip irrigation, localized irrigation, and surface irrigation.
Atmospheric water is...
Evaporation and transpiration transform liquid water into vapor, which ascends into the atmosphere due to rising air currents.
Pollution events and sanitation
..In aquifers and contamination of clean fresh water. And inadequate sanitation.
Who and what does water scarcity impact in food and water shortages?
Livestock! Crops! Reduction in both as a result. Also, impacts humans. This eventually leads to malnutrition and famine.
What would education and legislation do for water security?
Education raises awareness and teaches people about ways to locally conserve their water and ration their usage. Legislation can set laws to prevent people from littering and fine them if so.
What are some at-home water management techniques?
Turning off the faucet when not in use, and taking shorter showers.
What is the last not-mentioned distribution of Earth's water?
Salt water in oceans
Population growth..
Changes in land usage, both negatively and positively: urbanization and deforestation etc
What illnesses are caused by drinking contaminated drinking water?
Limited to diarrhea and cholera
International agreements are for...
Foster cooperation among states sharing freshwater resources.
How can people act locally to reduce water scarcity?
Advocate for policy changes, harvest rainwater, conserve water at home, and promote sustainable agriculture.
Define the term water security
the ability to access sufficent quantities of clean water to maintain adequate standards of food and manufacturing of goods, adequate sanitation, and sustainable healthcare.
Why do international competitions over water sources exist?
Water is a limited resource. Water conflicts occur because the demand for water resources and potable water can exceed supply, or because control over access and allocation of water may be disputed, or because water management institutions are weak or missing.
How does water get contaminated?
Natural disasters or climate change can affect this because fertilizers, pesticides, or other chemicals that have been applied to land near the water infiltrate it. As well as other units where acid deposition can pollute fresh water.
What is water-related aid?
Provides clean water, decent toilets and hygiene knowledge to people who don't yet have access to them.
How does rain water catchment work and why do people do it?
Collection Surface: Rainwater is collected from rooftops, driveways, or other impermeable surfaces.
Filtration: Before entering the storage tank, rainwater may pass through a filtration system to remove debris, leaves, and other particles. This helps ensure that the stored water remains clean and free from contaminants.
All in all, it saves money and promotes water security.