Vocab/Command Words
Define Sustainability
Meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
What is the Simpson Index?
D = 1 - (Σ(n(n-1)) / N(N-1))
D= Index
n= # of individuals of a single species
N=# of individuals in total population
Explain how a country’s age structure diagram can be used to predict future population growth
high birth rates, short life expectancy, and implications for schools, jobs, and healthcare.
Explain the difference between a food chain and a food web. Why is a food web a more accurate representation of ecosystem interactions?
Energy flow, species interdependence, and trophic levels.
Describe two human activities that contribute to the enhanced greenhouse effect.
Burning fossil fuels, deforestation, agriculture.
Define Insecurity. What are the different types of Insecurities?
The condition of not having access to different resources. The different types are Food, Energy, and Water.
What is the Lincoln Index?
N=n1 x n2 / m2
N=estimate of population size
n1= # of individuals caught in first sample
n2= # of individuals captured in second sample
m2= # of marked individuals recaptured in second sample
Describe two social or economic factors that contribute to a decline in birth rates in developed countries.
Education (especially for women), access to family planning, urbanization, career priorities.
Describe how deforestation can affect the biodiversity and stability of a forest ecosystem
Habitat loss, food sources, soil erosion, water cycle changes, species extinction.
Explain how rising global temperatures can affect sea levels and coastal ecosystems.
Melting ice caps, thermal expansion, habitat loss, saltwater intrusion.
Define Water Security
Insufficient access to safe, reliable, and affordable water for basic human needs, including drinking, cooking, sanitation, and hygiene.
What is the equation for population growth?
(Initial Population×Number of Years/Final Population−Initial Population)×100
Compare the environmental impacts of rapid population growth in LEDCs vs MEDCs.
Resource use, pollution, waste generation, deforestation, food security, carbon footprint.
Explain the role of decomposers in an ecosystem. What would happen if decomposers were removed from the nutrient cycle?
Nutrient recycling, soil fertility, waste buildup
Discuss the possible social and economic impacts of climate change on LEDCs.
Food insecurity, water shortages, displacement, economic strain, health impacts.
What do they mean when they say "Explain"?
What is the equation for Birth Rate?
(Total Population/Number of Births)×1000
What are the potential consequences of an aging population on a country’s economy and healthcare system?
Dependency ratio, pension strain, demand for healthcare workers, shrinking workforce.
Give two examples of how human activity can disrupt natural ecosystems, and suggest a way to reduce each impact.
Pollution, overfishing, urban sprawl, pesticide use. Solutions might include regulation, conservation areas, sustainable practices.
What is the difference between mitigation and adaptation in the context of climate change? Provide one example of each.
Mitigation: Reducing emissions
Adaptation: Adjusting to impacts
What do they mean when they say "Describe"?
State the points of a topic/give characteristics and main features
What is the equation for percentage increase?
(New Value- Original Value/Original Value)×100
Explain how government policies can influence population growth. Give one example of a pro-natalist and one anti-natalist policy.
Pro-natalist: France’s incentives for having children. Anti-natalist: China’s former one-child policy.
Compare the structure and biodiversity of a tropical rainforest and a desert ecosystem.
Climate, species diversity, adaptation strategies, productivity levels.
Evaluate the effectiveness of international agreements, such as the Paris Agreement, in addressing climate change.
Cooperation, targets, enforcement, challenges, equity between countries.