Unit 1-2
What are the five major oceans?
Arctic Ocean, Indian Ocean, Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Southern Ocean
What is population density?
The number of individuals per unit area
Materials that can be regenerated in nature faster than they are being exploited by a society is a ____ type of resource.
Renewable
Which layer of the atmosphere contains the ozone layer?
Stratosphere
What are the seven continents of the world?
Africa, Antarctica, Asia, Europe, North America, South America, Oceania
What is sustainability?
Meeting present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs
What are pronatalist policies?
Government policies that encourage child birth such as tax breaks and flexible work hours
Primary energy consumption now is mainly using what specific types of resources?
Fossil Fuels
Which layer of the atmosphere does all weather occur?
Troposphere
How can reliability and bias affect a scientific investigation?
Bias can prevent you from realizing the reliability of your data is not accurate
What classifications are used by the World Bank to categorize countries based on their income levels?
Low-Income Economies (LICs), Middle-Income Economies (MICs), High-Income Economies (HICs)
Define the terms native species and invasive species.
Native species - species that live in their historical range, typically where they have lived of thousands or millions of years
Invasive species - a species that spreads rapidly across large areas
What are three impacts of water insecurity?
Reduced Crop Yield and Crop Failure, Livestock Death, Food Shortages, Malnutrition and Famine, Illness caused by Contaminated Drinking Water, limited to Diarrhoea and Cholera
What percentage of the Earth's water is fresh?
2%
Which layer of the atmosphere do we live in?
Tropsophere
What are the four steps in the "Capture-mark-recapture" method?
Step 1- Capture sample size
Step 2- Mark sample size caught
Step 3- Release and capture second sample
Step 4- Calculate population based on # caught marked & # caught unmarked
Describe and explain the benefits of conserving biodiversity.
Some benefits include resources of potentials medicines, food, wood, fibers, oils, and fuels, genetic diversity which increases biodiversity, ecological services like decomposition of wastes, soil generation and renewal and purification of water and air, and cultural and recreational value.
What are four causes of water insecurity?
• climate change, including changes in rainfall
• natural disasters, including drought and flooding • pollution events
• inadequate sanitation
• population growth, changes in land usage including deforestation and urbanisation
• competing demands from agricultural, industrial, energy and domestic sectors
• mismanagement of irrigation, including salinisation
• international competition over water sources
• inequality of availability between water-rich and water-poor regions
• differing access to safe drinking water in urban and rural area
What is the main purpose of the Paris Agreement?
To limit global warming to below 2 degrees Celsius
Define the terms gross primary productivity and net primary productivity.
Gross primary productivity - the total amount of solar energy that producers in an ecosystem capture via photosynthesis over a given amount of time.
Net primary productivity - the energy captured by producers in an ecosystem minus the energy producers use to respire.
What are the five methods of data collection that include the use of technology?
Geospatial Systems, Satellite Sensors, Radio Tracking, Computer Modelling, and Crowd Sourcing
What is the Simpson Index for the following community? What is the effective number of species?
Species A: 23
Species B: 12
Species C: 3
Species D: 32
0.35, 2.86
What are three pros and cons of dams and reservoirs?
Pros:
-reliable water supply
-recreation
-flood control
Cons:
-flooded land
-greatly altered stream flow
-siltation behind the dam
-very costly
What is the major challenge in implementing climate change policies?
Global cooperation and agreement
What is the primary cause of ocean acidification?
Absorption of carbon dioxide by seawater