intro to Enviromental management
enviromental research & data collection
managing human population
managing ecosystem & biodiversity
managing resources
100

Describe the differences between biotic and abiotic components of an ecosystem and explain how they interact within a coastal environment.



  • Biotic = living organisms (e.g., fish, algae)
  • Abiotic = non-living factors (e.g., salinity, temperature)
  • Interaction: organisms depend on abiotic factors for survival (e.g., fish need oxygen levels in water)


100

Explain the differences between primary and secondary data with examples.



  • Primary: collected firsthand (field measurements)
  • Secondary: from books, reports, databases
  • Primary = more specific but time-consuming
  • Secondary = quicker but may be outdated


100

Describe factors influencing population growth.



  • Birth rate
  • Death rate
  • Migration
  • Healthcare
  • Education


100

Describe the importance of biodiversity.



  • Increases ecosystem stability
  • Supports food chains
  • Provides resources (food, medicine)


100

Describe renewable vs non-renewable resources.



  • Renewable: solar, wind
  • Non-renewable: fossil fuels
  • Renewable replenish naturally
  • Non-renewable are finite


200

Explain how variations in atmospheric layers influence environmental conditions on Earth, with reference to the stratosphere.



  • Atmosphere divided into layers with different functions
  • Stratosphere contains ozone layer
  • Ozone absorbs harmful UV radiation
  • Helps regulate temperature and protect life


200

Describe how sampling techniques influence reliability.



  • Poor sampling = bias
  • Random sampling reduces bias
  • Sample size affects accuracy
  • Representative samples improve reliability


200

Explain stages of the demographic transition model.



  • Stage 1: high birth/death
  • Stage 2: high birth, falling death
  • Stage 3: falling birth/death
  • Stage 4: low birth/death
  • Stage 5: declining population


200

Explain energy flow in ecosystems.



  • Energy enters via producers
  • Passed to consumers
  • Lost as heat each level
  • Less energy at higher trophic levels


200

Explain impacts of overexploitation.



  • Resource depletion
  • Habitat destruction
  • Loss of biodiversity


300

Compare the environmental impacts of economic activity in LICs and HICs.


  • HICs: high consumption, high carbon emissions, industrial pollution
  • LICs: lower emissions but more local environmental damage
  • LICs often rely on natural resources (deforestation, farming)
  • HICs outsource pollution to other countries


300

Assess strengths and weaknesses of random vs systematic sampling.



  • Random: reduces bias, but may miss patterns
  • Systematic: organized, easier to repeat
  • Systematic may introduce bias if pattern exists
  • Choice depends on investigation type


300

Discuss environmental impacts of rapid population growth.



  • Increased pollution
  • Resource depletion
  • Deforestation
  • Urban overcrowding


300

Discuss causes and consequences of biodiversity loss.



  • Causes: deforestation, pollution, climate change
  • Consequences: extinction, instability, ecosystem collapse


300

Discuss sustainable management methods.



  • Quotas
  • Replanting
  • Protected areas
  • Regulation


400

Discuss how human activity has altered natural systems globally.



  • Increased greenhouse gas emissions
  • Ocean pollution (plastics, oil spills)
  • Deforestation altering ecosystems
  • Loss of biodiversity
  • Climate system disruption


400

Discuss validity, reliability, and accuracy in data collection.



  • Validity: measures what it should
  • Reliability: consistent results
  • Accuracy: close to true value
  • Improved by repetition and controlled variables


400

Analyze population growth vs resource consumption in HICs vs LICs.



  • HICs: high consumption per person
  • LICs: rapid growth but low consumption
  • HICs have larger environmental footprint
  • LICs experience local pressure on resources


400

Analyze human impacts on ecosystems.



  • Habitat destruction
  • Pollution
  • Overexploitation
  • Climate change effects


400

Analyze impacts of resource depletion.



  • Environmental damage
  • Economic issues
  • Increased conflict over resources


500

Evaluate how economic development level influences environmental management.



  • HICs: better technology, stricter laws, more funding
  • LICs: limited resources, focus on survival
  • MICs: rapid industrialization → high pollution
  • Development helps management but political priorities also matter


500

Evaluate how poor data collection affects environmental decisions.



  • Leads to incorrect conclusions
  • Poor policy decisions
  • Misuse of resources
  • Can worsen environmental problems


500

Evaluate strategies to control population growth.



  • Education (especially women)
  • Access to contraception
  • Government policies
  • Cultural resistance limits effectiveness
  • Economic development reduces birth rates


500

Evaluate conservation strategies.



  • Protected areas preserve habitats
  • Laws regulate use
  • Education raises awareness
  • Challenges: funding, enforcement, human pressure


500

Evaluate global challenges of sustainability.



  • Economic growth pressures
  • Population increase
  • Lack of cooperation
  • Unequal resource distribution


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