CAUSES AND CONDITIONS
What long-term economic problem weakened the French monarchy before 1789?
Financial crisis caused by war debt
Which event happened first: the Estates-General or the Storming of the Bastille?
The Estates-General
Ext.100 pts if you can tell us what this meeting was about
Which French king’s indecision helped cause the French Revolution?
Louis XVI
Who was the main political leader responsible for directing German unification?
Otto von Bismarck
Name one political cause of revolution or unification.
Weak leadership
lack of political reform
Name one similarity between France and the German states in the 1800s.
Both experienced instability and demands for change
What social system created inequality and resentment in pre-revolutionary France?
The Three Estates system
Put these events in the correct order: Reign of Terror, Directory, Napoleon comes to power.
Reign of Terror → Directory → Napoleon
Which group pushed the French Revolution toward radicalism?
The sans-culottes
Which Prussian general modernized the army and planned military strategy?
Helmuth von Moltke
A factor that led to change in Germany
Prussian military strength
Name one key difference between how change occurred in France and Germany
France experienced mass revolution; Germany unified through war
What immediate economic issue increased unrest among the French population?
Food shortages and high bread prices
Which war came first: Danish War, Austro-Prussian War, or Franco-Prussian War?
The Danish War (1864)
Which Prussian leader believed war could unify Germany?
Otto von Bismarck
What diplomatic action helped provoke the Franco-Prussian War?
The Ems Telegram
Which mattered more in German unification: war or ideology?
War
Why did revolutions succeed in France but fail in Germany in 1848?
France’s monarchy collapsed, while German rulers remained strong
What shared problem affected both France before 1789 and the German states before 1848?
Economic hardship and social inequality
Which event marks the failure of liberal nationalism in Germany?
The fall of the Frankfurt Parliament
Why did Prussian liberals support unification but distrust Bismarck?
He ruled without parliament and used authoritarian methods
Give one reason Austria was weaker than Prussia in 1866.
Austria was diplomatically isolated and had weaker military organization
Why did nationalism fail in 1848 but succeed after 1864?
Later nationalism was supported by Prussian leadership and war
Which event most reshaped Europe between 1789 and 1871?
The French Revolution
German unification
Why did economic problems alone not cause revolution?
Political weakness and poor leadership turned hardship into rebellion
Why did the failure of the Frankfurt Parliament matter for German unification?
It showed liberal reform could not unify Germany, leaving war-led leadership as the solution
Who had greater long-term influence: Robespierre or Bismarck?
Bismarck
Ext. 100 pts if you can defend this answer
Why was leadership more important than nationalism in Prussia’s success?
Leadership turned nationalist ideas into political and military action
Rank two causes of German unification and explain which mattered more. Explain.
Leadership mattered more than ideology
Which factor best explains European instability during this period?
Nationalism or weak political leadership