French Revolution
What are the phases of the French Revolution?
Ideological Phase, the Reign of Terror, and The Empire
What natural resources were most important to the Industrial Revolution and what did they power?
coal and iron were used for the steam engine and railroads.
What was Bismarck's plan for German Unification
Blood and Iron
What did Lenin hope to achieve with the revolution?
the demise of the tsarist government
How was nationalism prevalent throughout the units?
It united the people, and was used by many different governments to create support towards them.
Why did the Directory fail?
internal corruption, unable to deal with counter-revolutions or food shortages, overall unstable and weak.
Why did luddites oppose industrialization?
they feared that unskilled machine operators were robbing them of their livelihood
What countries were involved in the Congress of Vienna? Who led the Congress?
Austria, Prussia, Russia, and Great Britain. Klemens von Metternich
What are 3 reforms the peasants wanted.
end of serfdom, rights and industrialization, government representation.
How was Marxism prevalent throughout the units?
Based on the beliefs of Karl Marx which had a huge influence during the French Revolution and after. Communism was also originated on these ideas, as seen during the Russian revolution.
What caused King Louis XVI to summon the Estates General?
The political and financial situation in France.
How did the Enclosure Act impact urbanization?
It moved farmers to the city and caused a population boom in them.
Why did Prussia originally ally with Austria in 1864?
In order to remove Schleswig and Holstein from Danish rule
How did WWI affect Russia?
Caused Nicholas II to leave the tsarina in charge by going to the front which caused distrust towards both because of the tsarina's German ethnicity, starvation amongst the poor, the people were tired of war and revolted.
How was communism prevalent throughout the units?
Provided the basis of Lenin and many other's beliefs throughout the Russian Revolution.
Name 5 causes of the French Revolution.
Unfair taxing system, starvation among the poor, the Enlightenment, class division, and the American Revolution.
What were the living conditions like for the industrial working class?
overcrowding, poor sanitation, spread of diseases, and pollution.
What was the Zollverein? What country did Otto von Bismarck want to keep out?
Junker landowners that abolish tariffs to increase trade. Austria
Why did Russia struggle to industrialize in the 19th century?
It had an agricultural economy requiring farmers and land, not many resources due to it's size, not many railroads or forms of transportation, class division.
How was socialism prevalent throughout the units?
communism and marxism was created out of it.
What were some negative and positive effects of the Napoleonic Code?
Positive: All the citizens were equal in the eyes of the law, no recognition of privileges of birth, freedom of religion, separation of Church and State, and the land was redistributed to the lower classes. Negative: deprived women of any individual rights, reintroduced slavery, and reduced the rights of illegitimate children.
What factors allowed Britain to industrialize before other countries?
government stability, constitutional monarchy, growth of naval and military, sound currency, and it encouraged innovation and invention.
Bismarck introduced many social reforms, or government programs to help certain people in Germany, because he wanted to
reduce the power of the socialists and avoid a socialist revolution
What were some caused of the Russian Revolution?
Aristocracy and government, bot enough resources, oppression from tsar, new liberal ideas, rights for lower class peasants, living conditions, church and military.
How was the Enlightenment prevalent throughout the units?
It caused a change in the beliefs held towards the King and royal family.