Topic 1: Hydrology
What is an output of the hydrological cycle?
What is Evapotranspiration or Channel flow?
The direct deposit of water droplets on to a surface is called what?
Name one chemical weathering process.
What is hydrolysis/hydration/oxidation/carbonation?
Topic 1
Name one landform created by water/rivers
What is pools and riffles/waterfalls/bluff/delta/floodplain/meanders/valley?
What was the name of the dam we studied for Topic 1?
What is the Three Gorges Dam?
What causes flooding to be more intense?
What is urbanization?
What is deforestation?
What are impermeable surfaces?
What is the main energy input in local energy budgets?
What is insolation?
Name the 4 types of mass movements.
What is creep/heaves, flows, slides, and falls?
Topic 2
An inclined surface or angle of inclination of the land is called what?
What is slope?
What is an urban heat island? Provide one real world example.
What is a metropolitan area that experiences warmer temperatures than surrounding areas? Example can be any major city (London, New York, etc.)
Must answer both parts:
1. The capacity of rock to hold water
2. How easily water moves through the rock
1. What is porosity?
2. What is permeability?
Provide one example of a surface with high albedo and one surface with low albedo.
High: light colored surfaces like sand, snow, or grass
Low: dark surfaces like tarmac, roads, or asphalt
Topic 3
What is the name of the process occurring at the divergent plate boundary when two plates are moving apart?
what is sea-floor spreading?
Name one human solution to reduce the urban heat island effect?
What is increasing green spaces/afforestation, green roofs, cool pavements/roofs, urban design for airflow, etc.?
The upper level of the permanently saturated zone is know as the:
What is water table?
What is the role of winds on Earth? (AKA why are they important?)
What is unequal heating of the earth's surface by the sun causes the equator to be much warmer than other areas such as the poles which are much colder; therefore, winds are necessary to redistribute the warm air from high-pressure areas to low-pressure areas?
What are 2 strategies humans use to reduce the impact of mass movements?
What is netting, grouting, drainage, gabions, shotcrete, afforestation, pinning, grading, or mapping hazards?
Topic 3
What is one way humans cause mass movement?
What is traffic vibrations, water loading, building loading, waste heaps, removing vegetation, or excavation?
Name one pro and one con of building dams using evidence from your case study on the Three Gorges Dam?
Pros:
Hydro electric power (HEP)- Three Gorges Dam provides ~22,000 megawatts of power to China (one of the world's largest power stations); provides 10% of Chinas electricity
Flood control- helps reduce severe flooding from the Yangtze River (protecting 50 million people and millions of acres of farmland)
Water source- supplies water to 13 million people
Improves transportation and economic growth-Chang Jiang is now navigable by ships which will boost economic growth
Con:
Displacement- Three Gorges Dam displaced over 1 million people
Flooding- The reservoir has flooded 150 towns/cities and 1300 villages
Pollution- by toxins from flooded mines and factories which has damaged ecosystems and species
Landscape- dam is built on a steep valley and prone to landslides and earthquakes
Name the 3 channel types
What is Straight, Meanders, and Braided?
What is the greenhouse gas effect and how do humans contribute to it?
What is greenhouse gases (Co2, methane, CFCs) in the atmosphere trap heat close to Earth's surface? What is called the enhanced greenhouse gas effect when humans increase the amount of greenhouse gases (by burning fossil fuels, driving cars, factories, deforestation, livestock, etc.) which leads to global warming?
Name the plate boundary where two plates converge/collide and one plate subducts AND provide one landform that occurs as a result.
What is Convergent plate boundary? Landforms could include fold mountains, ocean trenches, island arcs
Topic 1
Give me one example of a soft engineering method and one example of a hard engineering method (to control flooding)
What is afforestation?
What is a dam/levee/reservoir?
What was one strategy used to reduce mass movement in your case study?
What is mapping hazards and past landslides in LA, California (by the California Geological Survey) as slides and flows are common there?