1.1 Drainage basin system
1.2 Discharge relationships in basins
1.3 Channel Processes
2.1 Diurnal Energy Budgets
2.2 Global Energy Budget
2.3/2.4Weather Processes and human impact
3.1
Plate tectonics
Plate tectonics
3.2
Weathering
Weathering
3.3+3.4
Mass movement + human impact
Mass movement + human impact
100
What is the only input that goes in to a drainage basin system?
What is preciptation
100
What is the difference between an annual hydrograph and a storm hydrograph?
Annual Hydrograph tracks a river throughout the year, Storm tracks the water flow over a short period of time.
100
State the 3 channel types
Straight, Meander, Braided
100
Define Diurnal energy budget
The day and night balance of incoming and outgoing energy
100
Finish the sentence:
Warm air ________, Cold air ________
What are rises and sinks/falls
100
State and explain the 3 causes of precipitation
Convectional - When the land heats up causing the air to rise
Frontal - When warm and cold air masses meet forcing the warm air to rise above the cold air
Orographic - Air rises along with increases elevation (mountain, hills, etc.)
100
Why do plates move?
What are convection currents (movement of magma due to differences in density and heat)
This type of movement is called convectional drag
100
Explain the difference between physical and chemical weathering
Physical - Breakdown of material
Chemical - Chemical alteration of material
100
The cut off of material down a slope is
What is a slide
200
Name 3 storages
What are
Interception
Surface storage
Soil moisture storage
Groundwater storage
Channel storage
200
Define lag time
The amount of time between the peak rainfall and peak discharge of a river during a storm.
200
Two part question
Define the three types of flows
Define an Eddie and which flow they would be located in
Laminar flow - Low velocity on smooth surface (flows in a straight line)
Turbulent flow - Fast rapid waters (Has Eddies that will flow in opposite direction)
Helicoidal flow - Corkscrew flow that results in the formation of meanders.
200
What are the six factors that affect the day energy budget? (No explaining required)
Longwave radiation
Short wave radiation
Albedo (reflectivity)
Absorbed energy
Latent heat transfer
Sensible heat transfer
200
Explain how the global ocean conveyor belt works
Slow circulation of water in the depths of the ocean. Colder water stays under the surface and travels to the warmer waters in the equator. When it heats up it rises to the surface and eventually evaporates and leaves behind the salt it carried from the colder areas.
200
Define green house gases and name 2 examples of greenhouse gases
Gases that allow shortwave radiation in but trap longwave radiation from escaping.
Methane, Carbon Dioxide, Water Vapour, Fluorine gases, nitrous oxide, Ozone.
200
We have established that the three main boundary types are convergent, divergent, and transform.
What are the three types of convergent boundaries?
What are
Oceanic-Oceanic boundary
Collision/Continental-Continental boundary
Destructive/Oceanic-Continental boundary
200
The peltier diagram infers that which two items dictate what type of weathering will occur and the frequency of it?
Temperature and rainfall
200
The slow continuous movement of the soil, typically at 1-10 mm per year.
What is soil creep/heave
300
State and define 3 different flows that occur above the surface
What are
Stemflow - Flowing down the branches and trunk of a tree
Leaf-Drip/Throughfall - When water falls from the leaves and gaps in leaves.
Overland flow - Water that flows over the land flow, can be from not being able to hold more moisture (saturated) or due to intense rainfall (hortonian)
300
DAILY DOUBLE
Decide how many points you want this question to be worth (Up to 1000) and gamble those points :D!
Draw the lag time on this chart
300
Waterfalls are formed through the undercutting of a lower layer of rock causing a steep fall, which form of erosion causes this undercut?
What are hydraulic action or cavitation.
300
What are the 4 factors that affect the night time energy budget? Name 3 for credit
(Hint 3 of them are from the day time energy budget)
Latent heat transfer
Sensible heat transfer
Long wave radiation
Absorbed energy returning to the surface
300
In the tri-cell model we discussed the three cells that air moves in through the atmosphere, which is the one cell that does not follow typical thermal processes?
What is the ferrel cell
300
Name and define the 5 main types of precipitation
Rain - water vapor condenses into liquid water droplets
Hail - water vapor freezes into pellets of ice pelting the surface
Snow - Water vapor condenses below the freezing point, forming snow
Dew - Direct depositing of water droplets from condensation on the surface
Fog - A cloud forming at ground level
300
What is the region of high volcanic and seismic activity where the plate is being subducted called
The Benioff zone
300
Name and explain 3 physical weathering processes
Root Action
Freeze-Thaw
Salt Crystal growth (salt crystilzation/pitting)
Dilation (pressure release)
Thermal fracture/expansion
300
The proper term for scattered rock debris (when it isn't grouped up at the bottom of the cliff)
What is regolith
400
State and define 3 of the flows that occur beneath the surface
What are
Infiltration - Water being absorbed into the soil
Percolation - Water flowing down into bedrock
Throughflow - Horizontal movement of water below the surface
Baseflow - Horizontal movement below the water table/leads back to the surface and resupplies rivers naturally.
400
How does an area with high antecedent soil moisture affect a hydrograph (2 ways)?
Shorter lag time and higher peak discharge.
400
When waterfalls form they typically leave behind a deep chasm of two extremely steep walls, what is that chasm called?
What is a gorge
400
What weather phenomena can cause massive variations in the diurnal energy budget, whose presence can cause heat to be blocked from reaching the surface
What is a very fancy question to say clouds :)!
400
We have discussed in the class seasonal variations in temperature, pressure and wind belts.
What are the 3 main factors that influence these seasonal changes and why?
Latitude - The location of where on earth you are influences how much solar radiation you receive
Earth's orbit/axis - The earth's location and tilt affect how much solar radiation a part of the earth receives
Land/sea distribution - Differing heat capacities can cause variations in temperature based on proximity to land/sea
400
Give me two pieces of evidence of the greenhouse effect.
Melting of ice in the Arctic, Increased ocean salinity and temperatures (potentially causing the ocean conveyor belt to stop.), Sea levels rising potentially causing mass human displacements in low lying areas, Ocean acidity (absorbs 50% of CO2), biological indicators (reefs bleaching, increase in certain insect populations, etc.)
400
What are 5 main pieces of evidence for continental drift theory?
Coastline fit (the coastline fitting together like puzzle pieces)
Fossils of flora and fauna
Paleomagnetism
Sea floor spreading (creating of new earth pushing out the old earth)
Climate
400
Name and explain 4 chemical weathering processes
Options include
Oxidation
Hydration
Hydrolisis
Carbonation
Acid Rain
400
Name 2 ways that humans reduce the stability of slopes and 2 ways they increase the stability of slopes
Reduce: Deforestation, Excavation, Surface loading, Traffic vibrations.
Increase: Pinning, netting, Drainage channels, Grading, Afforestation
500
Define a closed system and an open system and provide an example of each.
What are
Open system - water can leave and enter the system (name any drainage basin system)
Closed system - water can not leave and enter the system (The earth's hydrological cycle itself)
500
The characteristics of a drainage basin are the second factor that influence a hydrograph after climate.
Identify 3 characteristics that affect a hydrograph RELATED TO THE DRAINAGE BASIN and explain how it affects the hydrograph
Results may vary
Potential conversation topics
Shape/size of a basin, vegetation, type of soil, type of rocks, how the land is used, steepness of slope.
500
Identify what this image is and explain what is happening :)!
If you see this picture I liked how your group explained it :)!
500
Explain latent heat transfer and provide 2 examples in which the energy is released.
Latent heat transfer is when energy is stored or released when water changes states of matter.
Condensation and evaporation
500
(time for a lesson we skipped over), guessing here does not lose you points :)!
Jet streams are strong regular winds blowing west to east disconnected from the wind cells we discussed in class. There is a phenomenom where these jet streams reverse the flow of wind causing the warm air to sink and cold air to rise, causing heavy rain in the western world and droughts in the east.
What is El Nino :O!
500
Define Condensation (You must give me a response that would get 3 marks on the AICE exam) :)
When water vapor rises until it reaches a dew point/becomes oversaturated at which point it condenses around a hygroscopic nuclei in order to form water droplets.
500
Correcting myself because I misspoke on Thursday :')
What boundaries do oceanic trenches form at (Hint it is not divergent)
Bonus points if you can say where exactly on the boundary it occurs
What is a destructive boundary
The oceanic trench is formed where the oceanic plate starts subducting
(DONT WORRY RIFT VALLEYS ARE STILL FROM DIVERGENT BOUNDARIES)
500
Besides the two factors that are shown in the peltier diagram (If you haven't seen that question yet uh oh) :o
Name 3 factors that can affect the type and rate of weathering
What are climate, Rock type, Rock structure, relief (slope), and any specific factors related to a type of weathering (presence of iron/carbon for chemical weathering processes etc).
Banned factors: Temperature and rainfall :(
500
Huh... I got this far and didn't think anybody would click this question. Statistically it was unlikely.....
Explain to me what the Aberfan disaster was children that do the cast studies in their SQ3Rs :)
Did you hear everything they said? no? reference the student made study guide i'm not typing all that into a jeopardy box :P!