The Rise of Industry
This is the belief that there ought to be no government. People can govern themselves. This belief is often associated with chaos.
Anarchism/Anarchy
When workers did not get what they wanted, they would do this, which was when many workers walked off their jobs at the same time and refused to work.
Go on strike
Many cities became overcrowded during the Gilded Age. These apartment buildings, similar to low-income project housing, often had multiple families living in the same unit.
Tenements
In 1882, Congress passed a law that banned immigrants from this country, despite the fact that they had a reputation for working hard and staying sober. It was called the "__________ Exclusion Act"
China/Chinese
Ida Tarbell's book The History of the Standard Oil Company exposed the ruthless business tactics of who?
John D. Rockefeller
This is when one company dominates an industry and eliminates the competition. If they are the only company selling a product, they can charge inflated prices and profit.
A monopoly/trust
The Interstate Commerce Act was passed by Congress to help regulate commerce between states. Why did farmers want interstate commerce to be regulated?
Railroad and shipping companies were charging too much for transporation and storage
This was a new way to refine steel, making it cheaper and quicker to produce it. It was named after the man who discovered the method
The Bessemer process
Name two of the most common things that labor unions asked for in their negotiations
Higher wages
Shorter hours
Safer working conditions
Name two problems that arose as a result of rapid urbanization in the United States.
Overcrowding/overpopulation
The spread of disease
Poor sanitation
Traffic congestion
Lack of public/social services
"Old" immigrants (before 1870) came from places like England, Germany and Ireland. "New immigrants" (after 1870) came from Italy, Eastern Europe and Austria.
True or false?
True
These people were the investigative journalists of their day. They would expose a problem in society to raise awareness and would push for legislation to fix it.
Muckrakers
For each robber baron, name the industry that they dominated. You must get all 3 correct.
Robber Barons: Andrew Carnegie, J.P. Morgan, John Rockefeller
Carnegie - Steel
J.P. Morgan - Banking
Rockefeller - Oil
This was the name of the organizations that farmers formed in the late 1860s to unite and advocate for their rights. The organization had a nickname that is also the name of a ZZ Top song.
The Farmer's Alliance, aka The Grange
This is the economic system of the U.S. It allows for people to privately own businesses and make their own money, as opposed to making money for the government.
Capitalism
This was the belief that some people were naturally more gifted than others. The smart and hard-working would become successful, the dumb and lazy would become poor, and that was the way it should be. What was this belief called?
Social Darwinism
Organizations that would pocket city money and stay in power by giving immigrants services they needed in exchange for votes were called what?
Political machines
After immigrants began to pour into the country, this group of people advocated for the rights of people originally born in the United States, and were anti-immigration.
Nativists/Nativism
What did Thomas Nast do that raised awareness about the corruption in NY's Tammany Hall that eventually led to Boss Tweed's incarceration?
Drew political cartoons
This is the name for someone who takes a risk by starting his/her own business.
Entrepreneur
This political party took its name from 'a movement of the people', and it was mostly formed by farmers.
The Populist Party
What is the difference between a market economy and a planned economy?
In a planned economy, the government decides what products should or should not be produced based on the country's needs.
In a market economy, people produce things based on supply and demand. They tend to produce things that will earn them the most money.
Name a famous, violent strike of the late 1800s that did NOT result in workers getting what they wanted.
Haymarket Riot
Homestead Strike
Pullman Strike
What was the name of the political machine that held power in New York City, and who was the machine boss?
Tammany Hall and "Boss" Tweed
How did immigrants help the U.S. industrialize?
They provided a labor force that was willing to work for low wages.
Jane Addams opened the Hull House in Chicago, which aimed to provide social services for the poor, especially women and children. The Hull House was the most famous of all ___________ houses.
Settlement
This man worked with John D. Rockefeller, and set up a railroad that would go all the way down to South Florida. He was largely responsible for developing and populating South Florida. There is a major street in Miami named after him.
Henry Flagler
This movement was named for its goal of the coinage of silver in addition to gold. It would add more money into circulation, causing inflation, and raising the prices of crops.
Bimetallism
This is the French term that means "let it run its own course". It is the policy where the gov't would not impose any rules on businesses and allow them to do whatever was necessary to be successful.
Laissez-faire
Name a way in which the Knights of Labor differed from the American Federation of Labor (AFL).
KoL accepted women and African Americans. AFL did not.
KoL accepted skilled and unskilled laborers. AFL only accepted skilled laborers.
The KoL was one labor union, whereas the AFL was a group of several smaller unions.
Name one positive impact of political machines and one negative impact of political machines. Both must be correct.
Positive:
Provided jobs and social services, quickly assimilated immigrants into U.S. politics and society, provided services faster than the formal government.
Negative:
Embezzled (stole) taxpayer money, corrupted/rigged elections, intimiated voters, used bribery
Which immigration station was in the eastern US and processed mostly European immigrants? Which was in the West, and processed Asian immigants? I want both answers.
Ellis Island in NY, NY
Angel Island in SF, CA
The secret ballot, the city manager system, the initiative, the referendum, the recall and the direct primary were all ways that Progressives tried to give power to the people to fight what?
Corruption/Political machines
This man was one of the most famous inventors of the era. He invented the electric lightbulb, the phonograph (record player), and motion pictures.
Thomas Edison
Democratic Candidate William Jennings Bryan gave a passionate speech with much religioius imagery advocating for the coinage of silver. He said, "you shall not press down upon the brow of labor this crown of thorns. You shall not crucify mankind upon a ______"
"Cross of Gold" speech
This is when a company owns facilities at all stages of production. For example, if I owned a meat market and I bought a farm to raise cattle, a slaughterhouse to butcher it, and a delivery service to transport it, I will have expanded using this concept.
Vertical integration
How did the reputation of the Knights of Labor suffer after the Haymarket Riot? What reputation did they receive?
The public now associated labor unions with violence, anarchists, extremists, communists and other radicals.
In the late 1800s, immigrants who came to the U.S. often settled near each other, forming neighborhoods called this. The name has also been used to refer to the neighborhoods where Jews were segregated during the Holocaust. In today's slang, it means 'the hood'.
Ghettos
The Gentleman's Agreement banned immigrants from which country? The only exception was for the wives and children of people who had already immigrated to the US.
Japan
This movement followed the belief that taking care of the poor and the needy was the Christian thing to do. They wanted to improve working conditions, end child labor, and improve public schools.
The "Social Gospel" movemment
What were the Sherman Antitrust Act and the Interstate Commerce Act designed to do?
Limit the power of monopolies/trusts.