The Labor Movement
When workers did not get what they wanted, they would do this, which was when many workers walked off their jobs at the same time and refused to work.
Go on strike
In 1882, Congress passed a law that banned immigrants from this country, despite the fact that they had a reputation for working hard and staying sober. It was called the "__________ Exclusion Act"
China/Chinese
Many cities became overcrowded during the Gilded Age. These apartment buildings, similar to low-income project housing, often had multiple families living in the same unit.
Tenements
This is when one company dominates an industry and eliminates the competition. If they are the only company selling a product, they can charge inflated prices and profit.
A monopoly/trust
One problem faced by farmers was the rural populations moving to cities where many profitable jobs were available. What is this migration called?
Urbanization
Organizations that would pocket city money and stay in power by giving immigrants services they needed in exchange for votes were called what?
Political machines
The Temperance Movement led to the passage of which amendment?
18th Amendment
Name two of the most common things that labor unions asked for in their negotiations
Higher wages
Shorter hours
Safer working conditions
"Old" immigrants (before 1870) came from places like England, Germany and Ireland. "New immigrants" (after 1870) came from Italy, Eastern Europe and Austria.
True or false?
True
Ida Tarbell's book The History of the Standard Oil Company exposed the ruthless business tactics of who?
John D. Rockefeller
For each robber baron, name the industry that they dominated. You must get all 3 correct.
Robber Barons: Andrew Carnegie, J.P. Morgan, John Rockefeller
Carnegie - Steel
J.P. Morgan - Banking
Rockefeller - Oil
The Interstate Commerce Act was passed by Congress to help regulate commerce between states. Why did farmers want interstate commerce to be regulated?
Railroad and shipping companies were charging too much for transporation and storage
What was the name of the political machine that held power in New York City, and who was the machine boss?
Tammany Hall and "Boss" Tweed
The Progressive movement saw an expansion of government involvement, creating new departments such as the Department of Labor and the National Park Service. Which amendment helped to fund this expansion of government?
16th amendment.
The first Federal Child Labor Act was passed under this President in 1916. The Supreme Court eventually found it unconstitutional but it was a start to dealing with the problem of child labor.
Woodrow Wilson
Name two problems that arose as a result of rapid urbanization in the United States.
Overcrowding/overpopulation
The spread of disease
Poor sanitation
Traffic congestion
Lack of public/social services
These people were the investigative journalists of their day. They would expose a problem in society to raise awareness and would push for legislation to fix it.
Muckrakers
This was a new way to refine steel, making it cheaper and quicker to produce it. It was named after the man who discovered the method
The Bessemer process
This was the name of the organizations that farmers formed in the late 1860s to unite and advocate for their rights. The organization had a nickname that is also the name of a ZZ Top song.
The Farmer's Alliance, aka The Grange
What did Thomas Nast do that raised awareness about the corruption in NY's Tammany Hall that eventually led to Boss Tweed's incarceration?
Drew political cartoons
Which was the first state to give women the right to vote, in 1869?
Wyoming
Name a famous, violent strike of the late 1800s that did NOT result in workers getting what they wanted.
Haymarket Riot
Homestead Strike
Pullman Strike
How did immigrants help the U.S. industrialize?
They provided a labor force that was willing to work for low wages.
Jane Addams opened the Hull House in Chicago, which aimed to provide social services for the poor, especially women and children. The Hull House was the most famous of all ___________ houses.
Settlement
This is the French term that means "let it run its own course". It is the policy where the gov't would not impose any rules on businesses and allow them to do whatever was necessary to be successful.
Laissez-faire
This political party took its name from 'a movement of the people', and it was mostly formed by farmers.
The Populist Party
After immigrants began to pour into the country, this group of people advocated for the rights of people originally born in the United States, and were anti-immigration.
Nativists/Nativism
Name a key figure in the Women's suffrage movement
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Susan B. Anthony
Alice Paul
others can be accepted...
Name a way in which the Knights of Labor differed from the American Federation of Labor (AFL).
KoL accepted women and African Americans. AFL did not.
KoL accepted skilled and unskilled laborers. AFL only accepted skilled laborers.
The KoL was one labor union, whereas the AFL was a group of several smaller unions.
Who wrote How the Other Half Lives, a book that used photographs to expose the reality of urban living conditions?
Jacob Riis
This movement followed the belief that taking care of the poor and the needy was the Christian thing to do. They wanted to improve working conditions, end child labor, and improve public schools.
The "Social Gospel" movemment
What happened in 1873, 1893, and 1907 that caused the U.S. to rethink how it would regulate the stock market?
Financial panics/crashes
This movement was named for its goal of the coinage of silver in addition to gold. It would add more money into circulation, causing inflation, and raising the prices of crops.
Bimetallism
Name one positive impact of political machines and one negative impact of political machines. Both must be correct.
Positive:
Provided jobs and social services, quickly assimilated immigrants into U.S. politics and society, provided services faster than the formal government.
Negative:
Embezzled (stole) taxpayer money, corrupted/rigged elections, intimiated voters, used bribery
How was the federal government mainly funded before the passage of the 16th amendment?
Tariffs on trade
Excise taxes (taxes on specific items, such as alcohol)
How did the reputation of the Knights of Labor suffer after the Haymarket Riot? What reputation did they receive?
The public now associated labor unions with violence, anarchists, extremists, communists and other radicals.
In the late 1800s, immigrants who came to the U.S. often settled near each other, forming neighborhoods called this. The name has also been used to refer to the neighborhoods where Jews were segregated during the Holocaust. In today's slang, it means 'the hood'.
Ghettos
This prohibitionist organization was more militant than its peers. They were very successful in converting 'wet' states into 'dry' states by giving much political support and votes to candidates who supported the temperance movement.
The Anti-Saloon League
What were the Sherman Antitrust Act and the Interstate Commerce Act designed to do?
Limit the power of monopolies/trusts.
Democratic Candidate William Jennings Bryan gave a passionate speech with much religioius imagery advocating for the coinage of silver. He said, "you shall not press down upon the brow of labor this crown of thorns. You shall not crucify mankind upon a ______"
"Cross of Gold" speech
Name 3 ways in which the United States become more democratic in the Progressive Era. I.e., what things gave more power to the people?
The Referendum
The Initiative
The Recall
City commissioner/manager system
Direct election of senators
Primary elections
How were senators elected before the 17th Amendment and why was it seen as a problem?
They were elected by the state legislatures, which would often become corrupted by big business interests. The senators elected would often endorse laws to protect monopolies