Particle Theory and Bonding
What is the bond that holds hydrogen and oxygen together in a water molecule?
Covalent Bond
At what temperature does water freeze?
0°C or 32°F
What is seawater?
A solution of many different solutes dissolved in water
What is the formula for density?
Density = Mass/Volume
What is the halocline?
The region where salinity changes significantly with depth
What is a hydrogen bond?
The attraction between the partial positive and negative ends of water molecules
What is the process of water turning into vapor called?
Evaporation
What is the average salinity of the ocean?
35 ppt
What happens to water density as temperature decreases?
It increases
Which gas is very soluble in seawater?
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
What happens to electrons in a covalent bond?
They are shared between atoms
What is the name of the solid form of water?
Ice
What instrument is used to measure salinity?
Refractometer
What is the name of the layer with rapid temperature decrease?
Thermocline
What happens to dissolved oxygen with increasing depth?
It decreases until the oxygen minimum layer
What type of bond is found in salt (NaCl)?
Ionic Bond
What phase change occurs when ice turns into liquid water?
Melting
What is the universal solvent?
Water
Why does ice float on water?
Because its density is lower than water
What is ocean acidification?
The decrease in ocean pH due to increased CO2 absorption
What is the charge of a proton?
Positive
What type of bonds hold water in a solid form?
Hydrogen Bonds
What happens to a gas's solubility as a liquid's temperature increases?
It decreases
What is the pycnocline?
The layer of rapid density increase
How does salinity vary by latitude?
Tropical oceans have higher salinity due to evaporation