Fallacies
This type of fallacy is when someone does something because everybody else is doing it.
Bandwagon Fallacy
Brad Pitt is endorsing a bottle of Dove Mens Body Wash.
Appeal To Celebrity
Expecting a group of people to have certain qualities without a real reason.
Stereotyping
This represents the letter R in RAVEN
Reliability
In George Orwell's Animal Farm, Napoleon claims the pigs should lead because they are "more intelligent".
What is a conclusion?
Adam thinks that the only two people in the GOAT debate for the NBA is Micheal Jordan or Lebron James
False Dichotomy
When someone brings up the fact that something is natural as an argument for why it is good.
Appeal To Nature
Jamal is unwavering that Michael Jordan is the greatest NBA player of all time strictly on the fact that he has 2 more championships than Lebron James.
Anchoring Bias
This represents the A in RAVEN
Ability To See
In Star Wars, the battle between Jedi and Sith mirrors the struggle between good and evil.
What is an analogy?
On a test a Student gets B three times in a row for the next question they get B again but instead of selecting B they select A.
Gamblers Fallacy
In The Great Gatsby, when Tom goes to Gatsby's Party with Daisy, he states that The New generation is annoying because they flaunt their wealth.
Appeal To Tradition
In WWII armor was commonly reinforced or moved to places that returning aircrafts had been shot. What type of bias does this represent
Survivorship Bias
This represents the V in RAVEN
Vested Interest
In George Orwell's Animal Farm, Squealer constantly uses statistics about food production to persuade the animals.
What is evidence?
Fans of Stranger Things argue, "Eleven is the strongest because everyone says she is powerful, and everyone says she is powerful because she's the strongest."
What is circular reasoning?
In George Orwell's novel 1984, Winston reveals that the history of Oceania changes rapidly, but most people don't question it because the information becomes big brother.
Appeal to authority
In a March 2026 Reuters article, some investors are ignoring warnings about inflation and market volatility despite rising concerns over energy prices and global conflicts.
What is the ostrich effect?
This represents the E in RAVEN
Expertise
In the movie, Project Hail Mary, Grace determines astrophage causes the sun's dimming before solving the larger crisis.
What is an intermediate conclusion?
In Animal Farm, Napoleon frequently blames Snowball or introduces irrelevant problems for why the animals aren't being fed or why the windmill collapsed.
Red Herring
A commercial warning that "without this antivirus software, hackers could steal all of your personal information."
What is the appeal to fear?
In The Great Gatsby, Nick Carraway's opinions shape how readers view Gatsby and the other characters.
What is narrator bias?
This represents the N in RAVEN
Neutrality/Bias
In George Orwell's 1984, Winston secretly believed freedom matters even though the Party says obedience creates peace.
What is a counter-argument?