neurotransmittters
brain reg p1
brain reg p2
neurodevelopment p1
nuerodevelopment p2
100

glutamate

excitatory; thinking, learning, memory

100

SWS sleep and waves

slow wave sleep; high amplitude and low frequency

100

REM sleep behavior disorder

sleep disorder- movements in sleep in reaction to dream

100

sonic hedgehog

protein secreted from mesoderm beneath spinal cord

100

plasticity


ability of brain to change itself

200

glycine

inhibitory; controlling hearing, pain transmission, metabolism

200

orexin

excites other arousal systems, stop sudden transitions to sleep

200

nightmare disorder

sleep disorder- recurrent nightmares




200

making connections

since neurons are in their final locations, they now need to make synaptic connections

200

aging - mental stimulations and social networks

social environment and communication with others helps perform better overall; cognitive stimulation increases neural plasticity

300

acetylcholine

excitatory; muscle contractions, memory, motivation, sleep, learning

300

homeostatic system

time spent awake; adenosine increases time awake/SWS waves, as you sleep, adenosine decreases, and SWS waves decrease too

300

parasomnia

sleep disorder- unusual behaviors during sleep

300

overall aging properties

frontal and parietal lobes more myelinated; frontal lobe last to mature

300

myelination

insulation that covers axons that protects them and helps speed up saltatory conduction of electrical signals

400

epinephrine

excitatory; affects heart; adrenaline for fight or flight response, increases heart rate and breathing, blood pressure, blood sugar

400

cataplexy

sleep disorder- brief loss of muscle control → paralysis during waking hours





400

anterior pituitary

neurons release hormones here; inhibit/stimulate release of a second hormone

400

synaptic pruning

too many brain cells develop early on and form too many connections as a result and so they are pruned down as synaptic pathways form (ie brain removes neurons it doesn't need)

400

aging - chemical changes

neurotransmitters/receptors decline with age; less dopamine and serotonin synthesized

500

serotonin

inhibitory; regulate mood, sleep patterns, anxiety, appetite, pain

500

insomnia

sleep disorder- sleep difficulty (can't fall asleep), leading to negative effects during the day

500

effect of stress on pregnancy

hormones can cross into placenta and shift baby's development; chronic stress can change markers on DNA molecules

500

normal vs. pathological aging

dementia- decline in cognitive ability interfering with function; losing a lot of cognitive ability while aging is not normal; aging is just subtle changes in brain structure, chemistry, function

500

average weight of adult brain

3 lb

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