The Basics
A violation of a criminal law.
What is a crime?
An occupation granted high social status by virtue of the personal integrity of its members.
What is a profession?
The imposition of a criminal sanction by a sentencing authority
What is sentencing?
The halting of formal criminal proceedings against a person, conditioned on some form of counter performance by the defendant.
What is diversion?
Punishment options developed to fill the gap between traditional probation and traditional jail or prison
What are intermediate sanctions?
A serious criminal offense punishable by confinement for a year or more
What is a felony?
A credentialing process, usually involving testing and career development assessment
What is certification?
An emotional response to real or imagined injury or insult.
What is revenge?
The conditional release of a convicted offender into the community in lieu of incarceration
What is probation?
Control of offenders in the community under strict conditions
What is intensive supervision probation (ISP)?
Prison inmates, probationers, parolees, offenders assigned to alternative sentencing programs, etc.
What are correctional clients?
The application of social scientific techniques to the study of everyday corrections procedures for the purpose of increasing effectiveness.
What is Evidence-Based Corrections?
A sentencing goal that involves retaliation against a criminal perpetrator
What is retribution?
The formal termination of an offender’s conditional freedom.
What is revocation?
A financial penalty used as a criminal sanction.
What is a fine?
All the various aspects of the pretrial and post-conviction management of individuals.
What is corrections?
A systematic process used to calculate the costs of a program relative to its benefits.
What is a cost-benefit analysis?
The discouragement or prevention of crimes through the fear of punishment.
What is deterrence?
Fleeing the jurisdiction without permission
What is absconding?
A short institutional term of confinement that includes a physical regimen designed to develop self-discipline, respect for authority and responsibility
What is boot camp?
That aspect of the correctional enterprise that includes pardon, probation, and parole activities.
What is community or noninstitutional corrections?
Organizations of like-minded individuals who work to enhance the professional status of members of their occupational group.
What is a professional organization?
The changing of criminal lifestyles into law-abiding ones
What is rehabilitation?
The repetition of criminal behavior
What is recidivism?
A sentence to serve a specified number of hours working in unpaid positions with nonprofit or tax-supported agencies
What is community service?