Enter Category Name
what is it?
- rapid decline in kidney function, particularly the GFR
True or False with AKI patient will be hyperkalemic?
- what will you see on the EKG strip?
-true
-peaked T waves
why might a patient with AKI have anemia?
-because the kidneys are responsible for producing erythropoietin which regulates RBC production. with AKI the damage is causing the kidneys to not produce erythtopoietin
what happens in the Initiation Phase of AKI?
-lasts hours to days
-happens at time of injury
-patient will often be asymptomatic
what is the volume expander called to treat AKI?
-albumin
most common causes of prerenal AKI? (3)
-surgery
-trauma
-sepsis
-False the levels will be high
medications used to protect the GI tract of someone with AKI?
-pepcid
-prilosec
what happens in the maintenance phase of AKI?
-this is when the patient is very sick
-GFR decreases, BUN/Creatinine increases
-EKG changes (hyperkalemia)
-NVD, anorexia, anemia
-may have oliguria
what loop diuretics may be used for treatment? (2)
antihypertensives?
vasopressor?
-lasix
-mannitol
-catopril or ACE inhibitors
-dopamine
most common causes of Intrinsic (Intra) AKI? (4)
-nephrotoxins
-ATN (acute tubular necrosis)
-malignant HTN
-glomerulonephritis
True or False with AKI the patient will have high sodium levels?
-what are the signs of hyponatremia (2)
-false the levels will be low
-dizziness and confusion
what will a patient with AKI ABG's look like?
metabolic acidosis
what happens in the recovery phase of AKI?
-also called diuresis phase
-GFR gradually returns to normal
-renal function improves
-can last up to a year
how many units of insulin is used to treat hyperkalemia?
-how many grams of glucose?
- 10 units IV push
-25-50 grams
most common causes of postrenal AKI? (4)
-BPH
-stones
-tumors
-clogged/clamped catheters
True or False with AKI the patient will have high calcium levels?
-what are two signs to check with hypocalcemia?
-false the levels will be low
-Trousseau's and Chvostek
what does the RAAS system do?
-regulate BP and volume to protect the organs
in the recovery phase of AKI what is important to watch for because the patient is diuresing?
-hypotension
-dehydration
what kind of diet does AKI patient's need to be on?
-limited protein, high carbohydrates, low potassium
normal levels for phosphorus, potassium, sodium, and calcium?
-2.5-4.5
-3.5-5.3(book) or 3.5-5.0
-135-145
-9-11
what are three things the kidneys should excrete through the urine?
-urea
-creatinine
-drugs
why might the RAAS system cause the patient to have high BP?
-vasoconstriction
what will the urinalysis of someone with AKI look like?
what kind of urine will you see with glomerulonephritis?
-fixed specific gravity
-protein,RBCs,WBCs
-cell cast (debris)
-frothy, tea colored
CRRT- how many hours a day?
Hemodialysis how many times a week?
-12hrs
-3-4