Formation of Christian Kingdoms
Who unified the Catalan Counties?
Wilfred the Hairy, count of Barcelona (in the 9th century)
Who united Castile and Leon into the Kingdom of Leon?
Ferdinand I
Who became ruler of Al-Andalusia after Al-Hakam II died?
Al-Mansur
A general who conducted raids on the Christian kingdoms to the north
What kind of work did most people in Andalusí society do?
agricultural work (farming)
Which battle led to the foundation of the Kingdom of Asturias in 722?
The Battle of Covadonga (Don Pelayo defeated the Muslims)
Which territories did the Crown of Aragon unify in 1137?
The Kingdom of Aragon and the Catalan Counties
Who was the Omeya prince who escaped the Abbasid takeover, and what did he do?
Abd Al-Rahman
He escaped to the Iberian Peninsula and declared himself an independent emir in 751
What kind of jobs did most people in cities have?
Artisans/Craftspeople
Trade - merchants
Who was the first king of the County of Aragon?
Ramiro I, an illegitimate son of Sancho III of Pamplona, he inherited the counties of Sobrarbe and Ribagorza when his half-brother Gonzalo died
Who had control over the Kingdom of Navarra between 1076 and 1134?
Who helped Abd al-Rahman III rule the Emirate of Cordoba?
Chief minister (hajib)
Ministers (viziers)
Provincial governors (walis)
What was the last Muslim territory on the Iberian Peninsula?
Nazarí Kingdom of Granada
Conquered by los Reyes Católicos in 1492
What was Castile, and what was its relation to the Kingdom of Leon? (before its independence in the 10th century)
It was a county and a vassal of the Kingdom of Leon
Defensive line of castles that protected Leon from the attacks of the Muslims
Who was Doña Urraca?
Queen of Leon and Castile
Daughter of Alfonso VI of Leon
Inherited Castile and Leon when Alfonso VI died without male descendants
The first wife of Alfonso I of Aragon, divorced because they couldn't have children
What is a taifa? Give two examples
A small independent Muslim state
Al-Andalus split into them after the fall of the caliphate in 1031
Most powerful states: Sevilla, Toledo, Badajoz, Zaragoza
Which two groups in North Africa helped the Muslims against the attacks of the Christian kingdoms?
The Almoravids and the Almohads
What was "La Marca Hispánica" (the Hispanic March)?
A defensive zone created by Charlemagne to protect the Carolingian Empire from Muslim attacks
What was "Repartimiento"?
The king was the owner of the conquered territories, and he gave the land to people who took part in the conquest (nobles, knights, and peasants) and to monasteries
The concession of land was guaranteed by a "Carta Puebla"
What was the main difference between the dependent emirate, the independent emirate, and the caliphate?
dependent: under the religious and political authority of the Caliphate in Damascus
Independent: politically independent, but under the religious authority of the Caliphate of Baghdad
Caliphate: completely independent (religiously and politically)
What were three different social groups in Andalusí society, and what were each group’s characteristics?
Arabs - Muslims from the Middle East, land-owning aristocracy, had political power
Berbers - Muslims, had less land and wealth than the Arabs and sometimes rebelled against them, many were members of the army and administration
Muladíes - ancient Christians who converted to Islam, adopted Muslim language and customs
Mozarabs - Christians who didn’t convert to Islam and had to pay taxes, many fled to the Christian kingdoms in the north
Jews - most were merchants, artisans, and scholars; lived in a separate part of the city called the Jewish quarters
Slaves - lowest rank of society