Dementia Overview
The DSM-5 replaced the term "dementia" with what terms?
Major neurocognitive disorder and minor neurocognitive disorder
Name three radiologic procedures used to detect dementia.
CT scan
MRI
fMRI
PET
SPECT
EEG
T/F: Formulaic language is often not present in individuals with AD (Alzheimer's).
False! Formulaic language is present (sometimes even excessive) in individuals with AD.
One important element to consider when referring a client for therapy is the impact of dementia on __________!
caregivers!
What are the two types of treatment approaches for dementia?
Pharmacologic
Behavioral
When diagnosing major and minor neurocognitive disorders, the presence or absence of what must be specified?
behavioral disturbance
What is the only definitive way to diagnose dementia?
Name three characteristic symptoms of AD.
Sleep disturbance
Mood disorder (such as depression or anxiety)
Eating disturbance
Wandering
"Sundowning" (symptoms worsen at sundown)
What are two of the standardized tests for evaluation of language and communication in dementia?
BDAE and WAB! (our old friends...)
Name one type of external strategy and one type of environmental strategy.
External: Written reminders, calendars, memos, sticky notes
Environmental: Pet therapy, recreational therapy, social groups
T/F: Sudden/acute onset is more common in individuals with dementia than a gradual onset.
False! Gradual onset is more common.
T/F: CT scans are preferred for cognitively impaired and agitated patients.
True! They're faster than other radiologic procedures, which simplifies the scanning process.
What type of dementia is based on changes in the blood supply to the brain and cerebrovascular d/o?
Vascular dementia
Which type of dementia evaluation is subjective? Which is standardized? (Once you've come up with what these evaluations are called, give one specific example for each.)
Subjective: Mental status rating scales - Clinical Dementia Rating Scale
Standardized: Screening tools - Mini Mental Status Exam
What type of memory treatment is used to recall info over time, progressively increasing the period of time between recalls?
Spaced retrieval
What is the disease most commonly associated with dementia?
Alzheimer's disease
Basal ganglia is one of the structures involved in __________ ______ and _____ ______.
procedural memory and motor recall
What rare type of dementia involves the loss of conceptual knowledge of words, objects, people and experiences?
Semantic dementia
While standardized tests can be administered, what is an important element to consider that may hinder test administration?
Fatigue and other factors may make formal administration of a test impossible. Informal analysis may be preferable!
What are two specific pharmacological treatments used to treat dementia?
Cholinesterase inhibitors
Glutamate targeting
Antipsychotics, antidepressants, sedatives
A person's long-term declarative memory related to facts and ideas is called ________ memory, while memory related to personal experiences is called ________ memory.
semantic
episodic
In what area would we likely observe reduced blood flow when observing an individual with dementia?
Reduced blood flow to the hippocampus
REGAN LOVES U ALWAYS
+100,000 points
The cognitive battery known as the Ross Information Processing Assessment-2 evaluates what? (Name at least two elements.)
Immediate memory
Recent memory
Orientation to environment (temporal, spacial)
Organization
Auditory processing
What is the goal of behavioral treatments as outlined by ASHA?
Increasing SLP involvement in evaluation/treatment of people with dementia in order to facilitate or maintain functional communication, improving quality of life