Time, Cause & Condition
By the time the lecture started, most students ___ (finish) their notes.
had finished
I think people will/are going to use more renewable energy in the future.
will
Although / Because it was raining, the event continued.
Although
Which sentence is more formal?
A) It’s clear that…
B) It is evident that…
B
Definition: Energy that can be replaced naturally.
renewable
If the temperature rises, the ice caps ___ (melt).
will melt
By 2050, most new cars ___ (power) by electricity.
will be powered
Researchers discussed their findings ___ the conference.
at
The government’s decision was based on the adequate / adequacy of the evidence.
adequacy
The company focuses on the ___ of new technologies. (innovate)
innovation
The experiment failed ___ the lack of reliable data.
because of / due to
True or False?
She refused answering the question.
False
In contrast ___ previous studies, this one used a larger sample size.
to
Rewrite using 'It': To reduce pollution is essential.
It is essential to reduce pollution.
The company’s success depends on its ability to ___ rapidly changing global trends.
adapt to
Use a cause phrase to combine the ideas:
The city expanded rapidly. There was more pollution.
Suggested answer: The city expanded rapidly, which caused more pollution.
Correct the mistake:
The data will be analyzed after the researchers will collect all the samples.
The data will be analyzed after the researchers have collected all the samples.
Join the sentences using an appropriate contrast linker:
Public schools receive government funding. Private schools rely on tuition fees.
Suggested answer:
Public schools receive government funding; however, private schools rely on tuition fees.
Replace the phrasal verb with an academic one:
The team looked into the issue.
The team investigated the issue.
Rewrite using one precise academic word to replace the phrase in italics.
The company tried to make better use of renewable resources in its new products.
Answer:
The company tried to optimize renewable resources in its new products.
Rewrite using 'no sooner … than'.
“After he had read the report, he understood the problem.”
No sooner had he read the report than he understood the problem.
Change to passive:
Designers have been building new eco-friendly houses for decades.
New eco-friendly houses have been being built by designers for decades.
Rewrite to make one sentence using a concession phrase:
She had little experience. She was selected for the research team.
Despite having little experience, she was selected for the research team.
Rewrite to sound academic:
We need to come up with a new plan.
We need to develop a new plan.
Correct the mistake:
The government’s new plan will bring improvement significantly for sustainable development.
The government’s new plan will bring significant improvement for sustainable development.