Maria
words with emotional charge
loaded language
word choice
diction
anecdote
shows resemblance between two essentially different things
analogy
negative term substituted for a positive
literal definition of a word
denotation
feeling the word invokes, rather than the literal meaning
connotation
uncertain statement or one that is subject to more than one interpretation
ambiguity
rhetorical question
incorrectly comparing one thing to another in order to draw a false conclusion
false analogy
Addressing something dead or absent
apostrophe
Raising something to a godlike status
apotheosis
using opposite or contrasting ideas
antithesis
supporting a claim with a reason that is just a restatement of the claim
Begging the question/circular reasoning
Avoids key issues to distract
red herring
Raising questions and then answering them
hypophora
Misrepresenting an opponent's position to make it easier to refute
Straw man
Bandwagon; "everyone's doing it"
Ad populum
Attacking the arguer and not the argument
ad hominem
Assuming the audience already accepts it as truth
essentializing
Something that doesn't follow order or logic
non-sequitur
Epiplexus
Reasoning where evidence is used to create a new conclusion
Syllogism
When conjunctions are omitted that would normally connect words, phrases, or sentences
asyndeton
Concept referred to by the name of something associated with that thing or concept
metonymy