Physiology
CKD
Transplant
Drugs
Miscellaneous
100
---- is a functional unit of the kidneys that consists of the glomerulus and its associated tubules. This structure is responsible for filtering blood and removing waste in the form of urine.
What is a nephron?
100
CKD can be categorized into 5 stages, each with increasing severity. What is the 5th stage of chronic kidney failure also known as?
What is End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD)?
100
Can donors survive with just 1 kidney?
What is Yes?
100
A 65 year old male patient has a glomerular filtration rate of 55 mL/min. The patient has a history of uncontrolled hypertension and coronary artery disease. You're assessing the new medication orders received for this patient. Which medication ordered by the physician will help treat the patient's hypertension along with providing a protective mechanism to the kidneys?
A. Lisinopril
B. Metoprolol
C. Amlodipine
D. Verapamil
What is A. Lisinopril?
100
When there is about 75% loss of nephrons, what happens to the number of nephrons, total GFR, GFR per nephron and volume excreted per nephron?
What is-
Number of nephrons, total GFR: decreases
Volume excreted per nephron, GFR per nephron: increases
200
What is NOT a function of the kidneys?
A. Control the rate of red blood cell production
B. Deactivate vitamin D and stimulate the activity of osteoclasts
C. Regulation of arterial blood pressure
D. Regulation of water and electrolyte balance
What is B. Deactivate vitamin D and stimulate the activity of osteoclasts?
200
Which patient below is NOT at risk for developing chronic kidney disease?
A. A 58 year old female with uncontrolled hypertension.
B. A 69 year old male with diabetes mellitus.
C. A 45 year old female with polycystic ovarian disease.
D. A 78 year old female with an intrarenal injury.
What is C. A 45 year old female with polycystic ovarian disease?
200
What famous celebrity who was once on Disney Channel, received a kidney transplant donated to them by their friend?
Selena Gomez
200
Drug crystalluria may lead to ATN, AIN, or obstruction. Which of the following medications is unlikely to crystallize in the urine?
A. Quinolones
B. Dexamethasone
C. Methotrexate
D. Acyclovir
E. Triamterene
What is B. Dexamethasone?
200
What hormone is responsible for dilating afferent arterioles of the nephron and which class of drug inhibits this hormone to decrease GFR?
What is prostaglandin, NSAIDs?
300
Which of the following substances can be found in urine of a healthy subject?
A. Amino acid
B. Glucose
C. Sodium
D. All of the Above
What is C. Sodium?
300
Which one of the following are NOT symptoms of CKD?
A. fatigue and weakness
B. dry, itchy skin
C. increased appetite
D. insomnia
E. edema/swollen feet and ankles
What is C. increased appetite?
300
Do living kidney donors need to have the same blood type as their recipient?
What is No?
300
Which medication does NOT require renal dose adjustment?
A. Linezolid
B. Digoxin
C. Fluconazole
D. Morphine
E. Celecoxib
F. Rosuvastatin
What is A. Linezolid?
300
When utilizing the Cockroft-Gault equation to estimate creatinine clearance, why do you have to multiply x0.85 for females?
What is, on average, women have 15% less muscle mass/kg than men do
400
Using the stickers found in Zoom, place a sticker on the nephron below where the most water is reabsorbed and name that section of the nephron.
What is the proximal convoluted tubules?
400
OP is a 30 years old female who has CKD. Her GFR is decreased by 50% and remains at that level. Which of the following substances would increase the MOST in plasma concentration?
A. Creatine, Urea
B. Phosphate, Creatinine
C. Sodium, Chloride
D. Bicarbonate, Phosphate
What is A. Creatinine, Urea?
400
Research has shown that patients who receive a kidney from a live donor live longer than patients who receive a kidney from a deceased donor. On average, how long can living kidney donor transplants last?
A. 6-12 months
B. 10-15 years
C. 15-20 years
D. 25+ years
What is C. 15-20 years?
400
Hydrochlorothiazide is a thiazide diuretic that targets distal convoluted tubule of nephron. When does it lose its efficacy? Provide specific ranges if necessary.
What is when GFR is less than 30-40 mL/min?
400
RQ is a 25 years old male who is currently on bactrim (or Penicillin). The patient presents with rash and urinary eosinophils. What kind of AKI does the patient have
What is Acute Interstitial Nephritis (type of intrinsic AKI)?
500
How much does glomerular capillaries filter in a day? (Hint: regular capillaries filter about 4L/day)
What is 180L/day?
500
In order to be diagnosed with CKD, the patient have experienced abnormalities of kidney structure or function, present for > __________, with implications of health. The abnormalities of the kidney could either be structural or functional. The example of kidney damage due to structural abnormalities will be _________
A. 1 month, Albuminuria
B. 3 months, Albuminuria
C. 3 months, hematuria
D. 1 month, hematuria
E. 5 months, hematuria
What is B. 3 months, Albuminuria?
500
Which of the following is FALSE?
A. Everyone can register as an organ donor even if you are old or sick
B. If I’m not registered as an organ donor, my family will be asked to make a decision before organ and tissue donation can take place
C. If I register as a donor, I am making a legal decision that cannot be revoked by my parents/ legal guardians once I turn 18
D. If I have a heart on my license or have registered with Donate Life NC, it means I am giving consent to become a living donor (for example, to donate a kidney to someone else while I’m still alive)
What is D. If I have a heart on my license or have registered with Donate Life NC, it means I am giving consent to become a living donor (for example, to donate a kidney to someone else while I’m still alive)?
500
When administering contrast medium to a diabetic patient who is at a high risk for CI-AKI, what anti-diabetic drug is usually recommended to be temporarily discontinued for a minimum of 48 hours before the procedure and why?
What is, Metformin because the medication can accumulate in CI-AKI patients which can lead to lactic acidosis and have a 50% mortality rate?
500
RP is a 49 years old female who has Lupus. Her current temperature is 100.6 F. Her sCr increased from 1.3 (3 months ago) to 2.8 mg/dL. She has blood in urine. What kind of AKI does RP have?
What is Glomerulonephritis (Intrinsic AKI)?