Organelles
This double-membraned organelle is known as the "powerhouse of the cell" because it generates ATP.
What is the mitochondria
This foundational characteristic states that all living organisms are composed of one or more of these basic units.
What are cells?
These two primary gas molecules are swapped in the cycle: plants take in this gas for photosynthesis and release oxygen.
What is carbon dioxide?
This type of transport moves molecules down their concentration gradient (from high to low) without requiring cellular energy (ATP).
What is passive transport
Found only in plant and algal cells, this organelle converts light energy into chemical energy via photosynthesis.
What is the chloroplast?
This term refers to an organism's ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes.
What is homeostasis?
Glycolysis, the Krebs Cycle, and this final ATP-yielding process are all stages of this chemical reaction.
What is cellular respiration?
The specific term for the passive diffusion of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane.
What is osmosis?
This membrane-bound organelle contains digestive enzymes to break down waste, foreign material, and worn-out cell parts.
What is a lysosome?
The chemical reactions inside an organism that convert food into usable energy and build cellular materials are collectively known as this.
What is metabolism?
In the absence of oxygen, cells perform this anaerobic process to convert glucose into energy, yielding either lactic acid or ethanol.
What is fermentation?
This mechanism requires ATP energy and transport proteins to move ions or molecules against their concentration gradient (from low to high concentration).
What is active transport?
Synthesized in the nucleolus, these small structures assemble amino acids into proteins and can be found floating free or attached to the Endoplasmic Reticulum.
What are ribosomes?
Plant leaves turning toward light or a person pulling their hand away from a hot stove are examples of responding to these.
What are stimuli?
During photosynthesis, plants use light energy, carbon dioxide and water to make oxygen and this sugar molecule.
What is glucose?
These special transport proteins act like open tunnels or bridges through the cell membrane, allowing specific molecules (like water or sugar) to cross without using energy.
What are channel proteins?
This network of protein filaments—composed of microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules—maintains cell shape and aids in internal movement.
What is the cytoskeleton
All life on Earth is carbon-based and relies on four major classes: nucleic acids, lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates. These are know as what?
What are macromolecules?
Inside chloroplasts, this green chemical pigment acts like a solar panel by trapping sunlight for photosynthesis.
What is chlorophyll?
Channel proteins help larger molecules cross the cell membrane from high to low concentration in a process called facilitated this.
What is facilitated diffusion?