It's Only Skin Deep
A collection of furuncles that form a large infectious mass.
Carbuncles.
single, small, hard, painless nodule
Healing of the bone takes place but in a non-anatomical or abnormal shape or position.
Malunion.
The population most at risk for testicular cancer
ages 15-35
The bone cells that function in the resorption of bone tissue are called...
a. osteoids.
b. osteocytes.
c. osteoclasts.
d. osteoblasts.
C. Osteoclasts participate in bone remodeling by assisting in the breakdown of bone tissue.
Staphylococcus aureus.
Describe endomitriosis, include at least 2 causes.
Endometrial tissue becomes implanted outside of uterus
•High estrogen levels
•Spread through vascular or lymphatic systems
•Stimulation of multi-potential epithelial cells on reproductive organs
•Genetic predisposition
Symptoms: Infertility, pelvic pain, dyspareunia, dyschezia (painful defecation)
These are three complications of a hip fracture.
Shock, DVT, pneumonia, delayed union, aseptic necrosis, deformities, thromboembolism, fat embolism.
Describe cyroptochordism
Hyperplasia of prostatic tissue that results in the compression of the urethra and urinary obstruction. It is related to estrogen-testosterone imbalances. Is not cancer!
Which information will the nurse plan to include when teaching a 19-year-old to perform testicular self-examination?
a. Testicular self-examination should be done in a warm area.
b. The only structure normally felt in the scrotal sac is the testis.
c. Testicular self-examination should be done at least every week.
d. Call the health care provider if one testis is larger than the other.
ANS: A
The testes will hang lower in the scrotum when the temperature is warm (e.g., during a shower), and it will be easier to palpate. The epididymis is also normally palpable in the scrotum. One testis is normally larger. The patient should perform testicular self-examination monthly.
HPV 1-4
Verrucae (warts), common on the feet. 6-11 describe genital warts.
Compare/contrast cystocele, rectocle and uterine prolapse.
Cystocele and Uterine Prolapse—Increased vigorous activity, sneezing, coughing,
Rectocele—chronic constipation, straining; causes difficult defecation.
Cystocele and Rectocele: straining—organ prolapses INTO VAGINAL wall—so what is “seen” is vaginal tissue/structure-not the organ itself
Uterine prolapse: Uterus prolapses down vaginal canal—what you “see” is the uterus/cervix
The 5 P's of compartment syndrome.
Pain, pallor, pulselessness, paresthesias, paralysis.
2 s/s of prostatitis
Dysuria, urinary frequency, urgency, decreased urinary stream (both), lower back back, fever, chills, leukocytosis (acute)
A client who has a plaster leg splint reports a painful pressure sensation under the elastic wrap that is holding the splint in place. What is the nurse's best initial action?
a. Remove the splint to reduce skin pressure.
b. Perform a neurovascular assessment.
c. Report the client's concern to the primary health care provider.
d. Inspect the skin under the elastic bandage.
B. Perform a neurovascular assessment.
The progression of the varicella-zoster virus.
Primary infection of VZV occurs in childhood. Vesicles will erupt on the face, trunk, and scalp and will later spread to the extremities. The virus remains latent in the trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia and activates later when the immune system is compromised. Shingles symptoms include pain and paresthesias affecting a single nerve root (dermatome) followed by vesicular eruptions.
List 4 predisposing factors of breast cancer
•First-degree relative with the disease
•Strong genetic predisposition (BRCA1 and BRCA2)
•Longer and higher exposure to estrogen
•Nulliparous or late first pregnancy
•Lack of exercise
•Smoking
•High-fat diet
•Radiation therapy to the chest
•Cancer of the uterus, ovaries, or pancreas
The five symptoms of fractures.
Pain, deformity, impaired function, tenderness, impaired sensation.
Phimosis vs. Paraphimosis
Phimosis: inability to retract foreskin from the glans of the penis
Paraphimosis: Inability to replace the glands with the foreskin
After a 26-yr-old patient has been treated for pelvic inflammatory disease, the nurse will
plan to teach about the
a. use of hormone therapy (HT).
b. potential complication of infertility.
c. irregularities in the menstrual cycle.
d. changes in secondary sex characteristics.
potential complication of infertility
(Pelvic inflammatory disease may cause scarring of the fallopian tubes and result in difficulty in fertilization or implantation of the fertilized egg.)
During this reaction, lichenification occurs on flexor surfaces, causing a dry, scaly, and pruritic rash.
Atopic Dermatitis (Eczema)
Lichenification = thick, leathery patches.
Primary vs. Secondary amenorrhea, including causes.
Primary: Absence of menstruation by age 14, typically genetics. Caused by anatomic defect, Turner's syndrome, Disorders of anterior pituitary-egtumors causing failure of ovarian signaling and hypothlyamic defects (no secretion of GnRH)
Secondary amenorrhea: Absence of menstruation for a time equivalent to three or more cycles or 6 months in women who have previously menstruated. Caused by pregnancy, dramatic weight loss, anovulation, hyperprolactinemia, or hirsutism.
Normal progression of bone healing.
1. Bleeding at the broken bone ends forms a hematoma at the site.
2. Organization of the hematoma into a fibrous network.
3. Invasion of hematoma with osteoblasts (builders), collagen strands lengthen and calcium begins to be deposited.
4. Callus formation: New bone is built up. Osteoclasts destroy dead bone.
5. Remodeling is accomplished and excess callus is reabsorbed.
Outline the compliations of BPH.
Urethrea is compressed > flow of urine is obstructed > incomplete emptying of bladder > cystitis + frequency + bladder distentension > hydronephrosis > kidney damage
A. Scale