Polymerases
Both DNA & RNA polymerases use this nucleic acid as their template.
What is DNA?
In terms of nitrogenous bases, RNA is a little bit special.
What is uracil?
Promoters are generally located here in relation to a gene.
What is "upstream" ?
RNA polymerase recognizes this area of the DNA to initiate transcription.
What are promoters?
True or false: only 1 molecule of RNA is transcribed and elongated during RNA synthesis.
What is false?
Both DNA & RNA polymerases synthesize in this direction.
What is 5' to 3'?
In terms of sugars, RNA is a little bit special.
What is ribose?
In prokaryotes, there are two main regions that make up the promoter.
What are the -35 region and the TATA box?
In prokaryotes, this protein binds to RNA polymerase and helps search for the promoter.
What is sigma factor?
During prokaryotic elongation, sigma factor is released and causes a type of change to RNA polymerase.
What is a conformational change?
RNA polymerase has the intrinsic properties of 3 different enzymes normally used in DNA replication.
What are primase, helicase, and polymerase?
List as many types of eukaryotic RNA as possible.
What is mRNA, rRNA, miRNA, tRNA, ncRNA?
In eukaryotes, the promoters can be quite variable but usually include these 3 elements.
What are TATA box, CAAT box, & GC-rich elements?
In eukaryotes, these proteins recruit RNA polymerase prior to transcription.
What are transcription factors (TFs)?
RNA polymerase can elongate the growing RNA strand but makes quite a few mistakes, at this rate to be exact.
What is 1 mistake for every 10,000 bp?
In prokaryotes, RNA polymerase works with another protein to form a certain type of complex.
What is "holoenzyme" ?
True or false: RNA can form a helix
What is true?
In prokaryotes, the TATA box is named after this American biochemist.
What is the Pribnow box?
In eukaryotes, this activator protein can bind to a mediator as part of the transcription initiation complex.
What is an enhancer?
During eukaryotic elongation, these proteins have to be removed from the nucleosome so that the DNA can be read efficiently.
What are histones?
In eukaryotes, RNA polymerase works with many transcription factors to form a certain type of complex.
What is the transcription initiation complex?
Transcription of DNA to RNA allows for many advantages such as...
What is...
- limited amnt of DNA (only 1 gene copy)
- control of protein synthesis
- regulation
In eukaryotes, the TATA box is named after this American biochemist.
What is the Hogness box?
In eukaryotes, a certain type of chemical change may need to occur for RNA polymerase to begin sliding.
What is phosphorylation?
In eukaryotes, the synthesized mRNA is known as "pre-mRNA" and undergoes what type of modifications?
What are chemical modifications? (e.g. 5'-methylguanosine cap)