Medications
Which medication is commonly prescribed as a first-line treatment for mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease?
A. Memantine
B. Donepezil
C. Haloperidol
D. Sertraline
What is Donepezil
Which nursing intervention helps maintain independence for a client in the early stage of Alzheimer’s disease?
A. Completing all tasks for the patient to prevent frustration
B. Providing frequent reality orientation and structured routines
C. Allowing the patient to nap most of the day
D. Changing the patient’s daily routine to prevent boredom
Providing frequent reality orientation and structured routines
Does this disease have a SUDDEN onset or GRADUAL onset?
Unlike Dementia this disease is .....Gradual it happens over time.
What is one way to help a person with Alzheimer’s remember daily tasks?
A. Tell them to figure it out on their own
B. Use written reminders or a daily routine
C. Give complicated directions each morning
D. Change the schedule often
What part of the body does Alzheimer’s disease affect?
Brain
Cholinesterase inhibitors like rivastigmine and galantamine work by preventing the breakdown of what neurotransmitter?
A. Dopamine
B. Norepinephrine
C. Acetylcholine
D. GABA
What is Acetylcholine
A nurse notes that a client with Alzheimer’s becomes agitated before a bath. What is the best nursing action?
A. Reschedule the bath for later when the patient is calmer
B. Restrain the patient to prevent injury
C. Explain the entire bathing process step by step loudly
D. Turn on bright lights and move quickly to finish faster
Reschedule the bath for later when the patient is calmer
A nurse is providing teaching to the partner of an older adult client who has AD and has a new prescription for Donepezil. Which of the following statements by the partner indicates teaching is effective?
A) Medication should increase my spouse appetite.
B) This medication should help my husband sleep.
C) This medication should help my husband with daily functions.
D) This medication should give my husband energy to complete ADLs
C
What should you do if an Alzheimer’s patient refuses care or becomes combative?
A. Argue until they comply
B. Use physical restraint
C. Step back and try again later
D. Yell to get attention
What causes the brain cells to die in Alzheimer’s disease?
A. Too much oxygen in the blood
B. Build-up of abnormal proteins
C. Low blood sugar levels
D. Infection by bacteria
Memantine works differently than cholinesterase inhibitors. What is its mechanism of action?
A. Blocks dopamine reuptake
B. Modulates NMDA receptors to regulate glutamate activity
C. Increases serotonin levels
D. Inhibits MAO-B enzyme
Modulates NMDA receptors to regulate glutamate activity
Which nursing strategy promotes safety for a client with moderate Alzheimer’s disease?
A. Keeping mirrors uncovered at night
B. Locking exterior doors and removing throw rugs
C. Encouraging independent stove use
D. Allowing wandering to reduce agitation
Locking exterior doors and removing throw rugs
A nurse working in a LTC facility is planning the care of a client in stage V of Alzheimer's disease. Which of the following interventions should be included in the plan of care?
A) Assist with ADLs
B) Provide protective clothing
C) Thicken and mechanical foods needed
D) Use gait belts for ambulation
A
When teaching caregivers, what’s one way to encourage independence in patients?
A. Do everything for them
B. Allow extra time and give step-by-step directions
C. Leave them alone to finish
D. Correct them constantly
Which neurotransmitter level is decreased in the brains of people with Alzheimer’s disease?
A. Dopamine
B. Serotonin
C. Acetylcholine
D. Epinephrine
A client taking Donepezil reports nausea and dizziness. Which nursing action is most appropriate?
A. Discontinue the medication immediately
B. Administer an antacid
C. Encourage taking the medication at bedtime
D. Increase the dose to reduce side effects
Encourage taking the medication at bedtime
A client with Alzheimer’s becomes verbally aggressive when the nurse tries to give medications. What should the nurse do first?
A. Firmly insist the patient take the medication
B. Offer the medication again later using a calm approach
C. Contact the provider for a different medication
D. Document the refusal and move on
Offer the medication again later using a calm approach
A nurse is making a home visit to a client who has AD. The client's family states the the client is often disoriented to place ,time , place and has unsteady gait and has been wandering. Which of the following safety measure teaching should the nurse review with the partner? SATA
A)Remove clutter
B)Have door locks that can be easily opened
C) Increase lighting
D) place bed on floor
ACD
What are some teachings when administering AD medication? SATA
A) cholinesterase inhibitors like Donepezil, Galantamine, or Memantine) monitor for side-effects (nausea, vomiting, dizziness, falls).
B)Monitor nutritional status, hydration, weight, because advanced AD may impair intake or swallowing.
C) Monitor client for better cognitive so that you may decrease dosage
D) Educate caregiver/patient about purpose of medication: That this is a cure for AD, and it may fast /maintain function.
A B
As Alzheimer’s progresses, what happens to the brain’s size and weight?
A. It increases
B. It stays the same
C. It shrinks
D. It doubles in weight
A nurse is reviewing a patient’s chart who is prescribed fluoxetine (Prozac). Which finding would require immediate intervention?
A. The patient reports mild nausea after taking the medication.
B. The patient has not noticed improvement in mood after two weeks.
C. The patient reports increased energy.
D. The patient states they feel more alert in the morning.
The patient reports increased energy
During the late stage of Alzheimer’s disease, the nurse’s priority focus should be on:
A. Encouraging the patient to complete ADLs independently
B. Supporting cognitive retraining activities
C. Preventing complications such as aspiration and skin breakdown
D. Providing frequent orientation to time and place
Preventing complications such as aspiration and skin breakdown
In the MILD stage of AD what happens? SATA
A) independent
B)Remembers everything
C) Not noticeable
D)Forgetting short term cognitive things like (Names, Materials, daily task, ect.)
E) language is still intact
ACD
Risk factors for AD client SATA
A) Exposure to metal waste products
B) Long term hormone therapy
C) History of Herpes
D)Head injury
A C
Which process best explains how beta-amyloid plaques contribute to Alzheimer’s disease?
A. They increase blood flow to brain cells
B. They block communication between neurons and cause inflammation
C. They strengthen memory connections
D. They help remove toxins from the brain