Economic Policy
The term _____ refers to governments taking a noninterventionist approach to the economy.
Laissez-Faire
_____ advocates for a country to stay out of international affairs whereas _____ advocates for a country to engage actively with other countries and to become involved in international organizations.
Isolationism vs. Internationalism
A(n) _____ refers to groups that use popular participation to influence the government and are not formal organizations but instead are often made up of several distinct groups. One of the largest in American history occurs during the Civil Rights Era.
Social Movement
The _______ Advantage refers to the statistical fact that members of Congress are reelected at extremely high levels due to gerrymandering, pork barrel politics, television access, name recognition, and national party support. Challengers rarely beat them.
Incumbency
_____ is the power to determine if a law or act of government conforms to the Constitution. All courts in the US have this power, but is not necessarily true of all democracies in the world.
Judicial Review
Under the economic theory of _____ the market allocates resources rather than the state and interference by government borrowing hinders growth whereas under the economic theory of _____ government spending should be used to regulate the ups and downs of economic cycles and state intervention is an important element of economic policymaking.
Neoliberalism vs. Keynesianism
_____ considers and depends on the perspectives and resources of multiple nations whereas _____ is an approach to foreign policy that is informed primarily by the nation’s own interests and means, relying little on the approval or support of other nations.
Multilateralism vs. Unilateralism
The _____ is characterized by a series of programs and policies targeting education, healthcare including Medicaid and Medicare, voting and civil rights, and government regulation to combat Jim Crow, poverty, and other issues facing the American people.
Great Society Era
Also referred to as the Spoils System, the practice of _____ is the appointment or hiring of individuals as a reward for their political support or partisan loyalty. Civil service reform and the Pendleton Act mostly limited this practice in American politics.
Patronage
A(n) _____ is any group other than a party that is organized to influence government and engages in lobbying of members of Congress and other public officials to influence public policy.
Interest Group
Under the economic theory of _____, the means of production, distribution, and exchange of all goods controlled by the state, on behalf of the people whereas ____ is slightly different in that states combine private ownership, competition, and free markets with generous welfare programs through higher levels of taxation.
Socialism vs. Democratic Socialism
_____ is based on the assumption that countries primarily seek to increase their own power relative to other countries whereas ______ is based on the assumption that countries have common interests and can work effectively together through international organizations.
Realism vs. Liberalism
The _____ is an era of American history in the late 19th century characterized by high rates of inequality and monopolization of industries.
Gilded Age
List and explain three of the Enumerated Powers of the presidency, those listed in the Constitution.
Enumerated--Veto, Commander in Chief, Chief Diplomat, Appointments, Pardons, etc.
Explain two of the Implied Powers of the presidency that evolved over time.
Bully Pulpit, Shape Regulations, Propose Budgets, etc.
_____ are things that benefit a group of people who do not necessarily have to pay to consume them and are not exhausted by one person’s use whereas _____ are things that we consume when we use them and cannot be shared by the community.
Public vs. Private Goods
The term _____ refers to the dilemma in which foreign policymakers deal with a domestic audience who may or may not support the same terms or actions supported at the international level, hence the challenge of navigating both audiences.
Two-Level Game
The _____ is an era of American history in which we see rapid expansion of the federal government to provide resources and jobs to Americans in need including the Public Works Administration and the Social Security Act.
New Deal Era
Members of Congress play their role as representatives of constituents in three different ways. Explain each term/approach to the job when it comes to considering public will on public policy. Then explain the Incumbency Advantage Members of Congress have once in office.
Trustee, Delegate, Politico,
Incumbents have $, party support, access, etc.
Explain judicial review. Then explain four of the sources of judicial power that enabled the courts in the American system to have the power of judicial review.
The power to review actions of the government granted through precedents set by previous rulings.
Article III (details), Marbury (details), McCulloch (details), Gibbons (details), Dred (details), Fletcher (details)
Name and explain two of the five purposes of economic policy. Then explain the difference between Monetary, Fiscal, and Trade policy. Provide examples.
Distributing Benefits
Stabilizing the Economy
Redistributing Benefits
Regulating Commerce
Promoting Economic Growth
Monetary (inflation, interest rates, bank regulation). Fiscal (taxation, spending, budgeting). Trade (tariffs, free trade).
Name and explain three of the five basic tools of foreign policy. Then explain the two crisis tools of the state in dealing with foreign policy issues (hint, they are not on the Basic Tools list).
Basic: Bilateral Diplomacy, Intel Gathering, Multilateral Diplomacy, International Trade, Foreign Aid
Crisis: Economic Pressure, Military Action
Define and explain the Welfare State. Then discuss four programs that are examples of the Welfare State, of social policy programs run by the federal government.
Programs to help people; TANF, SNAP, Medicaid, etc.
Early on in the semester we discussed the two attempts to create a governing document for “these United States.” Explain three weaknesses of the Articles of and then the positions of the Federalists and Anti-Federalists regarding the strength of the national government that would replace the Articles.
Articles of Confederation Issues
Virginia and New Jersey Plan
Federalists and Anti-Federalists
List and explain the three roles of the American political parties. Then explain the general policy views of the modern Democrat and Republican parties. How do they differ from previous iterations of those parties?
PIG, PIE, PO
Brief details about history of Democrat and Republic parties