Causality in Single Subject Designs
What are three conditions that must be established before we call a relationship causal?
1. A relationship must exist between the two variables
2. The relationship must be non-spurious.
3. There should be a time interval between the independent variable and the dependent one.
What is the effect that is the result of a tendency for subjects selected on the bases of extreme scores to regress towards the mean on subsequent tests.
Statistical regression
What is a single phase design?
The B design
What is it called when, some un-anticipated event occur while the evaluation was in process and did these events affect the dependent variable?
History
This type of design allows for evaluation across clients, situations, or problems.
Multiple baseline designs
What is the most frequently used single subject design?
The B Design
What is it called when there were changes in the dependent variable due to normal developmental processes operating within the subject as a function of time?
Maturation
What is a purposively implemented change strategy?
This design consists of a no-intervention phase and an intervention phase.
AB Design
What is it called when the pre-test affect the scores on the post-test?
Testing
This is a methodology for describing interventions that includes practice manuals, process recordings, or written descriptions.
Narratives
This is a three phase design and it allows for evaluation of pre-intervention, intervention, and post-intervention problem status.
ABA Design
What is it called when any change occurs during the study in the way the dependent variable was measured?
Instrumentation
This is a methodology for describing interventions that is described as technologically sophisticated, time consuming, and difficult to arrange with clients and agency.
videotapes