Screening and Prevention
Annual screening for what sensory impairment is recommended in adults ≥65 to prevent falls and isolation?
Hearing loss (audiometry/questionnaire)
Which statin and dose is considered high‑intensity?
Atorvastatin 40–80 mg or rosuvastatin 20–40 mg daily.
BMI threshold to consider Rx weight‑loss medication.
BMI ≥ 30 kg/m² (or ≥27 with comorbidity, such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, or obstructive sleep apnea).
Target fasting triglyceride level.
<150 mg/dL.
USPSTF recommends screening adults for depression using which two‑question tool first?
PHQ‑2
Drug class to avoid in asthma-COPD overlap due to bronchospasm risk.
Non‑selective beta‑blockers.
Bisoprolol, atenolol, metoprolol, betaxolol, nebivolol, and esmolol are considered cardioselective beta blockers and may be safer for use in patients with asthma-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap, compared to non-selective beta blockers such as propranolol, timolol, labetalol, carvedilol, and sotalol.
Tachyphylaxis can develop with which GERD drug class?
Histamine-2 receptor antagonists (H2 blockers)
This phenomenon is characterized by a rapid decrease in drug efficacy with repeated dosing, typically manifesting within days to weeks of continuous use.
Give two outpatient causes of isolated thrombocytosis (>450 k).
Iron‑deficiency, reactive inflammation/infection, post‑surgery, essential thrombocythemia (any two).
For women aged 30–65, what is the recommended interval for primary hrHPV testing alone in cervical‑cancer screening?
Every 5 years
Selective estrogen receptor modulator preferred for breast cancer chemoprevention in premenopausal women
Tamoxifen
Tamoxifen (SERM) is indicated for premenopausal and postmenopausal high-risk women (Gail model ≥1.7% 5-year risk, LCIS, atypical hyperplasia).
Raloxifene is restricted to postmenopausal women because it acts as a partial estrogen agonist on bone and lipid metabolism, with less uterine stimulation.
Tamoxifen increases risk of VTE and endometrial carcinoma, but remains the only SERM studied and approved for premenopausal risk reduction.
HCC surveillance interval in cirrhosis.
Ultrasound every 6 months.
Vitamin levels that can fall with chronic metformin use.
Vitamin B12
The American Diabetes Association recommends periodic assessment of vitamin B12 levels in individuals taking metformin long-term, especially those on higher doses or with risk factors such as anemia or peripheral neuropathy. The rationale is that metformin can impair vitamin B12 absorption, and deficiency risk increases with longer duration of therapy, particularly beyond four years of use.
For which high‑risk population is latent TB infection screening with IGRA preferred over TST?
Persons who received BCG vaccination
Drug for traveler’s diarrhea prophylaxis not routinely recommended but used in immunocompromised.
Rifaximin
Name the PDE‑4 inhibitor used for severe chronic bronchitis with frequent exacerbations.
Roflumilast.
>10 adenomas prompts testing for which gene?
APC (familial adenomatous polyposis).
Which 3 β‑blockers have proven mortality benefit in HFrEF?
Carvedilol, bisoprolol, metoprolol succinate
Bisphosphonate recommended when FRAX hip fracture risk ≥ what%?
≥3 % 10‑yr hip fracture risk.
This threshold is endorsed by the Bone Health and Osteoporosis Foundation, which specifies that treatment should be considered for postmenopausal women with osteopenia at the femoral neck or total hip by DXA and a FRAX 10-year hip fracture risk of ≥3% or major osteoporotic fracture risk of ≥20%
For patients with increasing immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels and uncontrolled asthma, what is the preferred add-on therapy?
Omalizumab, a monoclonal anti-IgE antibody
Your patient with celiac disease is experiencing dermatitis herpetiformis and you want to treat with the first-line medication - what screening test must you check prior to initiating this medication?
G6PD (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase) deficiency
Dapsone can precipitate severe hemolysis in G6PD-deficient individuals