Strikes/Labor Struggles
Who were the founders of the FALA?
Bautista and Varona
What was the ruling in Roldan v. Los Angeles County?
Filipinos were allowed to intermarry with whites -- however this was short lived
What was the main reason the Filipinos striked the farm labor and boycotted Japanese businesses?
The Filipino farm workers would ask for an increase in the cent-per-hour wage which was denied to them multiple times
What happened on July 4, 1946?
Independence was officially granted to the Philippines
Where were the three main places Filipino labor was needed during the 1920s?
California (West Coast), Hawaii, Alaska
What happened during the Asparagus strike and why was it unique to Filipino labor history?
The Filipino workers did not show up to work at the asparagus fields. It was a nonviolent protest and one of the first times that the Filipinos had organized a cohesive labor group.
What is one of the “negative consequences of Filipino immigration” as claimed by Nativists and Social reformers?
1. Stealing jobs
2. High rates of criminality
3. Dependance on public assistance
4. Substandard hygiene practices/susceptible to diseases that jeopardize society
What were two ways that the Japanese tried to break the FALA?
Allying with the white farmers, FFA, and Morimoto
Refusing to hire FALA associated Filipino farmers
Evicting FALA Filipino workers when the landlords were Japanese
What was one of the ways the Filipino population increased dramatically (apart from the raised immigration limit)?
War Brides, Family Reunification, and Filipino Enlistees in the U.S. Army/Navy
What encouraged the recruitment of Filipinos for labor during the 1920s?
As US Nationals, Filipinos weren’t subject to the same immigration restrictions as other non-white groups. (1924 Immigration Act)
What were some of conflicts and problems that happened during the grape strike headed by Larry Itliong and Caesar Chavez?
Filipinos did not want to join because they lost their ranks
The fact that they wanted to use nonviolence
The unfair hiring
Disagreement between Itliong and Chavez
What does the story of Rafael De Onate and Ellen Wilson McAdoo remind us about race? What is the issue with defining race?
Race is a social construct, used to “frame and rationalize hierarchical divisions” ; there lacked legal guidelines for defining “whiteness” - race is not a fixed category
What were three ways in which the roles of Japanese Americans and Filipino Americans changed during World War II?
The Filipino Americans were allowed to lease land for growing
Filipino Americans took over and changed the name of previously Japanese American owned businesses
The Japanese Americans were placed in concentration camps
Filipino Americans started work on war efforts (serving, building ships, etc.)
Who found themselves at the bottom of Stockton’s hierarchy after the war?
Japanese Americans
(Stockton issued a resolution openly opposing the return of the Japanese to California) (Rescinded in 2000)
What is the HSPA and why did they celebrate Filipino labor?
Used Filipinos to break up Japanese labor strike - plantation managers would play different A/PI groups against each other
Filipino migrants were important to protecting white hegemony
Filipinos were exempt from a law that outlawed contract labor