American Revolution
This 1773 protest, where colonists dumped tea into Boston Harbor, was a response to a new tax.
What is the Boston Tea Party?
This social class, the largest in France, made up 98% of the population but bore the heaviest tax burden.
What is the Third Estate?
This Parisian prison, stormed on July 14, 1789, became a symbol of the downfall of the Old Regime.
What is the Bastille?
This British monarch during the American Revolution imposed unwanted edicts on the colonies.
Who was King George III?
This 1776 document clearly stated the American colonists' cause for independence.
What is the Declaration of Independence?
This 1783 treaty officially ended the War for Independence and acknowledged American sovereignty.
What is the Treaty of Paris?
The French system of taxation was grossly unbalanced because these two estates were exempt from most taxes.
What are the First and Second Estates?
This oath, sworn in a tennis court, declared that the Third Estate would not disband until France had a constitution.
What is the Tennis Court Oath?
This general's determined leadership was crucial to the American cause throughout the Revolutionary War.
Who was George Washington?
The first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution, which protect personal liberties, are known as this.
What is the Bill of Rights?
This 1777 American victory was the war's turning point, convincing France to openly support the cause.
What is the Battle of Saratoga?
This bill passed in 1790 placed the French Catholic Church under state control and required clergy loyalty oaths.
What is the Civil Constitution of the Clergy?
This radical political group, led by Robespierre and Danton, advocated for the most extreme changes during the Revolution.
Who were the Jacobins?
This French king was largely indifferent to government affairs, contributing to the political inefficiency that led to revolution.
Who was Louis XVI?
This concept, meaning "government based on the consent of the governed," is a key principle of the U.S. Constitution.
What is popular sovereignty?
At this 1781 battle, the combined French and American forces forced the surrender of Lord Cornwallis's army.
What is the Battle of Yorktown?
This French government body was called in 1789 for the first time in over 150 years to address the financial crisis.
What is the Estates-General?
This period, led by the Committee of Public Safety, was marked by mass executions of those suspected of opposing the revolution.
What is the Reign of Terror?
This journalist and Jacobin leader was assassinated in his bath and was later viewed as a hero of the French Revolution.
Who was Jean-Paul Marat?
This 1789 French document was influenced by Enlightenment thought and the American Declaration of Independence.
What is the Declaration of the Rights of Man?
Colonists were divided on the war; some Christians opposed armed resistance based on this core principle.
What is non-violence / pacifism?
The cahiers of the Third Estate listed these four specific grievances they wanted the king to address.
What are a written constitution, equal taxation, equal justice, and the destruction of the remnants of feudalism?
This 1792 manifesto by the Duke of Brunswick called on the French to protect their king, but instead made them more distrustful of him.
What is the Brunswick Manifesto?
This leader of the Committee of Public Safety was a central figure in the Reign of Terror before being guillotined himself.
Who was Maximilien de Robespierre?
The phrase "Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity" became this for the average French citizen, especially the peasantry, during the Revolution.
What is an empty promise?