Native Sovereignty and Settler Colonialism
What belief held that Americans were divinely destined to expand across North America?
Manifest Destiny
What phrase described African Americans’ goal to win both the war abroad and equality at home during WWII?
Double Victory.
What U.S. foreign policy position aimed to keep the country out of European conflicts?
Isolationism.
What is a primary source in historical research?
A document or artifact created at the time under study.
What term did Chief Justice John Marshall use in Worcester v. Georgia to describe Native American tribes?
domestic dependent nations
What was Big Stick Diplomacy, and which president is associated with it?
Big Stick Diplomacy refers to the foreign policy approach associated with President Theodore Roosevelt (1901–1909).
It emphasized a strategy of peaceful negotiation backed by the threat of military force.
What term refers to U.S. dominance over Latin America and the Caribbean, especially during the Cold War?
Hemispheric hegemony.
What is historiography?
Historiography is the study of how history has been written and interpreted by scholars over time; it analyzes historians' methods, arguments, and debates.
What happened at Wounded Knee in 1890? What makes this event significant in regard to American imperialism?
Massacre: U.S. army (in an attempt to suppress the Ghost Dance Movement) intercepted a group of 350 Lakota Indians. 250-300 Lakota and 25 U.S. soldiers died. (For points name: U.S. army, Lakota indians, massacre)
Significance: (name one for points)
-The event marks the end of native armed resistance.
-Suppression of native spiritual and political movements
-Show of militarized colonial dominance
What was the main U.S. justification for invading Iraq in 2003?
The USA accused Iraq of posessing and creating weapons of mass distruction (despite the UN resolution requiring iraq to declare and destroy all WMDs in 1991).
What are the two major points of the Monroe Doctrin?
1. The U.S. will not get involved in European affairs, including Eurpean Colonies in Latin America.
2. European powers were to keep away from all sovereign nations in Latin America - officially no attempt at recolonization or any other political/military intervention would be tolerated.
What are 4 elements of a good research question for a term paper in history?
- analytical (not descriptive)
- historically relevant/interesting
- narrow enough in scope to be answered in 10-12 pages
- you must have access to the necessary sources
Who was president during the Louisiana Purchase, and which leader sold the territory to the U.S.?
Thomas Jefferson; Napoleon Bonaparte.
What were the two objectives of the Marshall Plan?
1. Economic Recovery after the war (humanitarian aid as well as opening Western Europe as a market for U.S. products)
2. Contain Communism (both in terms of Soviet influence as well as strengthening democratic governments to prevent communist uprisings)
Which theory suggested that U.S. imperialism was part of a natural competition among “civilized” and “uncivilized” races?
Social Darwinism.
Spot 2 mistakes.
Leffler, Melvyn P: 9/11 in Retrospect. George W. Bush's Grand Strategy, Reconsidered, in: Foreign Affairs 90/5 (September/October 2011), p. 33-44.
Leffler, Melvyn P.: 9/11 in Retrospect. George W. Bush's Grand Strategy, Reconsidered, in: Foreign Affairs 90/5 (September/October 2011), pp. 33-44.
What treaty ended the Mexican-American War? Which 8 present-day states have a portion of territory on the land added to the USA by this treaty?
The Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo
Present-day states on formerly mexican territory:
-California
-Nevada
-Utah
-Arizona
-New Mexico
-Colorado
-Wyoming
-Texas
What is soft power? What are tools for nations use to gain soft power (name two)?
Influence through appeal, culture, values, and diplomacy
Tools:
- Culture (films, music, education)
- Political values
- Diplomacy
- Foreign aid
How does progressive internationalism differ from outright imperialism, and which U.S. president embodied this in the early 20th century?
Progressive internationalism sought to spread democratic and humanitarian values through international cooperation rather than conquest; Woodrow Wilson embodied this through efforts like the League of Nations.
Why is it important to distinguish between context and analysis in historical writing, and what’s an example of each?
Context provides background information (e.g., the year the Marshall Plan began); analysis interprets its meaning (e.g., how it advanced U.S. hegemonic influence in Europe). Without analysis, writing becomes descriptive rather than argumentative.