Constitution Principles
The clause that allows Congress to make laws necessary and proper for carrying out its duties is commonly called the ________ clause.
What is Elastic Clause?
Or Necessary and Proper Clause
The 1851 Ohio Constitution placed a limit on this area to address the state's financial crisis (one-word answer).
Debt
Which branch of the federal government has the "power of the purse"?
What is Congress?
or Legislative
Established the right to bear arms
What is 2nd amendment?
This first governing document of the U.S. was so weak it didn't even give the federal government the power to collect taxes.
What are the articles of Confederation?
The principle describing the division of power between national and state governments is called ________.
What is Federalism?
The Ohio Constitution of 1851 required major executive officials and all judges to be chosen how?
Elected by popular vote
The Federal Reserve uses interest rates to influence inflation. To slow inflation it will most likely do what to interest rates?
Increase interest rates
The 15th, 19th, and 26th Amendments all expanded what?
Voting rights
This series of 85 essays was written by Hamilton, Madison, and Jay to convince New York to ratify the new government.
A power that is not written explicitly in the Constitution but is reasonably inferred is called an ________ power.
What is implied powers?
Drawing legislative district boundaries to benefit a specific party is called ________.
What is gerrymandering?
Buying and selling government bonds is an example of which kind of policy tool?
Monetary
Which amendment protects citizens from unreasonable searches and seizures?
4th Amendment
In the early 1800s, this branch of Ohio's government held almost all the power, appointing even the state's printers and painters.
What is General Assembly?
Name and briefly explain the system that stops any one branch of government from becoming too powerful.
What is Checks and Balances?
In Ohio, an "Initiative" allows citizens to do what?
Propose a new law or constitutional amendment by gathering signatures (direct lawmaking).
Explain the significance of McCulloch v. Maryland for federal power.
McCulloch v. Maryland affirmed Congress has implied powers under the Necessary and Proper Clause and that states cannot tax federal institutions, strengthening federal supremacy.
Which amendment is most often used to "incorporate" the Bill of Rights to the states?
14th Amendment
This "Great" agreement created a bicameral legislature, giving us a House based on population and a Senate with equal representation.
What is Connecticut Compromise?
This power, established by Marbury v. Madison (1803), allows courts to declare laws unconstitutional.
What is Judicial Review?
Explain how Home Rule affects a city in Ohio.
Home Rule lets a city adopt its own charter and pass local ordinances without needing state approval for each action.
Define fiscal policy and contrast it briefly with monetary policy.
Fiscal policy = government taxing and spending choices;
Monetary policy = central bank actions (interest rates, money supply).
Explain the incorporation doctrine and how it affects the application of the Bill of Rights to the states.
Incorporation doctrine uses the 14th Amendment's Due Process Clause to apply Bill of Rights protections to the states through Supreme Court interpretation.
Though the Constitution was written in 1787, it didn't officially become the "law of the land" until this year.
What is 1789?