Amendments Schmendments!
Protects individuals from unreasonable searches and seizures.
Fourth Amendment
The process by which groups of people make collective decisions.
Politics
A key result of this case was that the Supreme Court ruled that African Americans were not citizens and therefore could not sue in federal court, and that Congress could not prohibit slavery in the territories.
Dred Scott v. Sandford
A system where citizens elect officials to make decisions on their behalf.
Representative Democracy (I will accept Repubic)
Freedoms guaranteed to individuals, primarily by the Bill of Rights, that protect them from arbitrary government interference. These are protections from government overreach
Civil Liberties
Granted women the right to vote.
The theory that political power is distributed among many competing groups, and no single group can dominate.
Pluralist Theory
The Supreme Court case established a woman's legal right to an abortion, based on the right to privacy implied by several amendments.
Roe v. Wade
The shared beliefs and values that shape citizens' attitudes toward government and politics. Minimal government interference in the economy is a component of American political culture.
Political Culture
These are protections by the government to ensure equal treatment and prevent discrimination.
Civil Rights
Guarantees the right to a speedy trial, a public trial, an impartial jury, the right to be informed of charges, and the right to legal counsel.
Sixth Amendment
The first government framework of the United States.
Articles of Confederation
The Supreme Court case declared racial segregation in public schools unconstitutional, overturning the "separate but equal" doctrine established in Plessy v. Ferguson.
Brown v. Board of Education
A system of government designed by James Madison that aimed to prevent tyranny of the majority by separating powers, creating checks and balances, and dividing power between federal and state governments.
Madisonian System
Policies designed to address past discrimination by actively seeking to increase the representation of women and minority groups in education and employment.
Affirmative Action
Abolished slavery in the United States.
The agreement that citizens will consent to be governed so long as the government protects their natural rights.
Social Contract Theory
This Supreme Court case invoked the Necessary and Proper Clause and the Supremacy Clause to uphold the constitutionality of the Bank of the United States and the federal government's power over state governments.
McCulloch v. Maryland
In a republic, (THIS) was considered dangerous because it could lead to instability and the oppression of minorities.
Factionalism
The refusal to comply with certain laws or to pay taxes and fines, as a peaceful form of political protest.
Civil Disobedience
Protects individuals from self-incrimination, guarantees due process of law, and prohibits double jeopardy.
Fifth Amendment
Goods that are available to all without direct payment, such as clean air or national defense.
Public Goods
This Supreme Court case established the requirement for police to inform suspects of their constitutional rights, including the right to remain silent and the right to an attorney, before interrogation.
Miranda v. Arizona
Thomas Hobbes described (THIS) as a "war of all against all," where life is "solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short."
State of Nature
Segregation that exists in fact, even if not legally enforced. This can occur due to social and economic factors, housing patterns, or individual choices.
De Facto Segregation