Judiciary
The authority of the U.S. Supreme Court to be the first to hear a case, without the need for an appeal from a lower court
What is Original Jurisdiction?
What is Judicial Activism?
The processes involving alleged crime, investigation, court persecution, etc.; depicted in shows like Law and Order
What is Criminal Law?
A group of citizens authorized by U.S. courts to evaluate evidence and determine probable cause in criminal cases; this group determines the validity of the evidence
What is a Grand Jury?
A government-employed lawyer who initiates and conducts criminal proceedings against those accused of committing a crime
What is a Prosecutor?
The authority of a high court to hear cases after the cases originate in, and are appealed from, a lower court
What is Appellate Jurisdiction?
The philosophy that the Supreme Court should only overturn legislation when it is clearly unconstitutional, and that all following acts should be performed by other branches of government
Litigation which centers around civil and private disputes
What is Civil Law?
Briefs filed by interest groups to a case with the intent to shape a court's judgement and discussion; sometimes used by a Justice as a point of reference when writing an opinion
What is Amicus Curiae?
The chief legal officer and legal advisor who defends laws, oversees prosecutions, and issues legal opinions; this role is present on a federal and state level, and the person with this role is sometimes referred to as the "people's lawyer"
What is the Attorney General?
The authority of the Supreme Court to overrule actions of Congress, or the President, by declaring them to be unconstitutional
What is Judicial Review?
The idea that the constitution's meanings should be updated according to societal standards
True or False:
Constitutionally, Congress can, at any point, including another Supreme Court
False;
Though Congress can constitutionally create lower courts, it would be unconstitutional to create more than one Supreme Court
What is a Solicitor General?
The failure of parties to comply with, enforce, or carry out a final judgement, order, or ruling issued by a court
What is Non-Implementation?
The legal right to sue when one receives harm; physical, emotional, mental, ect.
What is Standing?
The idea that the constitution should be interpreted based off of the linguistic definition of the words used
Each state has at least one of these courts, they are created according to population size, and there are 94 of them in total
What are District Courts?
A legal professional who assists a judge with research, case management, etc.; a judge's assistant
What are Clerks?
To "let the decision stand"; a guiding principle of judicial interpretation that advocates for letting previous judicial rulings guide current rulings
What is Stare Decisis?
When a case provides a legal foundation for all similar future cases
What is Precendent?
The idea that the constitution should be interpreted based off of the understanding of the author as it was being written
What is Framer's Intent (Originalist)?
This tier of court consists of groupings of states; there are 13 in total, all of which being geographically based except for one
What is the Circuit Court of Appeals?
A group of citizens who hear a civil or criminal trial and deliver a verdict based on presented evidence; this group determines the facts of the case
What is Petite Jury?
An order issued by the Supreme Court demanding a lower court turn over all records of a case which the Supreme Court has decided to hear on appeal
What is Writ of Certiorari?