Public Policy
What government does; the output of government action
What is Public Policy?
The final step of the policy making process; the direct effects of implemented policy
What is Policy Output? (5th Step)
Policy related to money and how money is managed; practiced in federal reserves and central banks; handled by bankers
What is Monetary Policy?
Tax breaks in the form of exemptions targeted at groups of taxpayers or, in the case of corporate taxes, at specific industries
True or False:
Foreign Policy is handled primarily by Congress, with the President and the Foreign Policy Bureaucracy also assisting
False;
Though Congress plays a role, Foreign Policy is primarily handled by the President
A step of the policy making process; involves interest groups, elites, candidates, incumbents, and other group who attempt to get subjects in their interest included
What is Agenda Setting? (1st Step)
Policy which affects the country; consists of things like implementing speed limits and placing limits on pollution
What is Domestic Policy?
Policy making done through the legislative process; handled by Congress; consists of things like creating a budget, passing taxes, spending the budget, all with the goal of influencing the economy
What is Fiscal Policy?
A tax structure that increases the tax burden on lower-income earners; sales tax would be an example of this, as a universal tax disproportionately impacts the incomes of low-wage individuals
What is Regressive Tax?
True or False:
The areas of Foreign Policy are Economics, Diplomacy, Military
True
A step in the policy making process; consists of passing a law, the president signing executive orders, and SCOTUS action; acts of Congress/President; entirely within an institution
What is Policy Enactment? (3rd Step)
When wide swaths of Americans get money; more bi-partisan due to the monetary benefits being universal; undefined payers and recipients
What is Distributive Policy Making?
The legal, statutory, or institutional approval enabling government agencies to operate, initiate projects, and utilize public funds
A tax structure with graduated income tax rates; designed to increase the tax burden on higher-income earners
What is Progressive Income Tax?
The international groups which the U.S has historically worked with
What is NATO and the United Nations?
A step in the policy making process; moves agenda points an institutional basis; ideas being moved into Congress and having Congress draft ideas
What is Policy Deliberation? (2nd Step)
The spending policy which consists of taking money from one distinctly defined group and giving it to another distinctly defined group; consists of things such as workers paying for retiree's social security
The legislative process of authorizing government spending for specific purposes, granting agencies authority to obligate funds from the Treasury
What is Appropriation?
A step in the policy making process; the process of the bureaucracy physically enacting policy which has been passed; translating words into behavior
What is Policy Implementation? (4th Step)
Public Policy designed to influence how citizens behave
What is Regulation?
The gap created in the federal budget when the government takes in less than it spends in a given year
What is Deficit?