What accounted for the Dutch becoming Europe’s leading economic power by 1600?
Commerce and Amsterdam was the financial capital of Europe
100
How did the Virginia Company raise money for colonization?
Sold shares to investors (who expected profit in return) to raise money for colonization
100
How did conditions hinder family life?
Frequency of early death contributed to various combinations of step-parentage and unwanted children from different marriages.
100
How did the Puritans in Massachusetts Bay differ from the Pilgrims?
The Puritans believed the Anglican Church could be reformed. They wanted to create godly churchs to serve as models for those in England.
200
What was France’s source of wealth in the New World
Furs and Fish
200
Where did the Dutch colonize in the New World?
The Caribbean, Connecticut, Hudson and Delaware. Permanent settlement at Fort Orange (Albany) and two years later in what is now called Manhattan
200
How did Tobacco “save” Virginia?
Europeans developed a taste for tobacco as a luxury item, settlers planted tabacco everywhere which became more affordable in Europe, leading to more people acquiring a taste for it and Virginians growing more and more of it (20 million pounds per year)
200
How did the Chesapeake colonies grow?
Immigration
200
Why did they draft the Mayflower Compact?
To prevent the colony from disintegrating into fractions before their ship even landed.
300
How did the French form “partnerships” with the Indians
Indians performed most of the work- trapping beavers, transporting pelts to trading posts along the St. Lawrence—in return for axes, knives, metal pots, and glass beads
What three important developments occurred in Virginia in 1619?
Women were transported to the colony to become wives and entice the planters to stay. The first African Americans arrived and the House of Burgess was created.
300
What was predestination?
The belief that an all powerful God, at the moment of creation, determined which humans would be saved and which would be damned. Salvation came through faith alone, not good works, and urged believers to seek a personal relationship with God.
300
How did Massachusetts achieve stability?
Insistence on covenants and conformity and the development of a representative government.
400
Why did the Indians welcome the French?
They were made military allies, making sure the French knew trade and military assistance were linked
400
What were patroonships?
Large landed estates
400
Why was Maryland founded?
It was a propriety colony- the sole possession of Calvert and his heirs. Calvert was a Catholic and intended Maryland to be a refuge for Catholics.
400
What was the centerpiece of Puritan belief?
Conversion
400
How did New Englanders’ achieve prosperity?
By developing a diversified economy
500
What discouraged French colonists
Canada’s reputation as distant and inhospitable, frigid Canadian winters, and surprise Indian attacks.
500
At its peak New Netherlands colonists numbered how many?
About 10,000
500
Why was there a “gender imbalance” in early Virginia?
Because of labor needs, more young men in their teens and twenties were chosen as indentured servants which caused there to be 3-4x as many men as women. Populations were overwhelmingly young and male. Male ex-servants found that marriage was a remote possibility as landownership.
500
What did the Puritans hate about the Anglican Church
Anyone could be a member
500
Why did Europeans compete for Caribbean islands?
At first they thought islands would yield precious metals, but sugar proved to be more profitable.