SUPREME COURT CASES
CONSTITUTIONAL PRINCIPLES
PROGRESSIVE ERA
FOREIGN POLICY
The 1920s
100
In this 1803 case, Chief Justice John Marshall ruled that the Judiciary Act of 1789 was unconstitutional. This ruling established the principle of judicial review, or the power to review laws to determine their constitutionality.
What is Marbury v Madison?
100
This principle divides government power between the federal government and the state governments.
What is federalism?
100
These individuals published articles and books to bring awareness to problems, like poverty within urban areas that resulted from rapid industrialization.
Who are the muckrakers?
100
This program that began in 1948 was a four-year plan of American aid to help speeding up the economic recovery of Western Europe following the end of World War II and showed the commitment of the United States toward the containment of communism.
What is the Marshall Plan?
100
The crash of the Stock Market in 1929 started this economic crisis that would spread globally in which both businesses and banks failed and millions of people became unemployed.
What is the Great Depression?
200
In this 1896 case, the Court ruled that segregation was not illegal as long as facilities for each race were equal. This “separate but equal” doctrine allowed the South to have laws that separated blacks and whites on trains, restaurants, schools, and other public facilities.
What is Plessy v Ferguson?
200
This clause of the Constitution states that Congress shall have the power “to make all laws which shall be necessary and proper” for carrying out those powers specifically included in the Constitution. It has helped to allow the Constitution to meet the needs of a changing society.
What is the elastic clause?
200
This African-American leader founded a vocational training institution in the late 1800s called the Tuskegee Institute urging blacks to learn vocational skills and improve their economic opportunities as his approach to address the problem of segregation.
Who is Booker T. Washington?
200
This was the policy of the United States during the time period between World War I and World War II and was a primary reason why the United States failed to join the League of Nations.
What is neutrality?
200
The flourishing of African-American literature by authors such as Langston Hughes and jazz music in celebration of their heritage is often a reference to as this.
What is the Harlem Renaissance?
300
In this 1966 case, the Court led by Chief Justice Earl Warren helped expand the rights of those accused of crimes by overturning a conviction and requiring that police inform suspects of their right to remain silent, have a lawyer present during questioning, and be informed that any of their remarks during questioning could be held against them.
What is Miranda v Arizona?
300
This principle divided the power of the federal government into three branches in order to prevent any one individual or group from gaining control over the entire government.
What is separation of powers?
300
Created in 1913 by President Woodrow Wilson, this was established to help regulate interest rates and the money supply.
What is the Federal Reserve System?
300
This practice of exaggerating and sensationalizing news stories about Spanish military action against Cubans, particularly the sinking of the battleship Maine, was largely responsible for swaying American public opinion in favor of war against Spain.
What is yellow journalism?
300
While many people seemed to enjoy the prosperity of the 1920s due in large part to the expansion of the automobile, overproduction prevented this group from taking part.
Who are the farmers?
400
In this 1954 case, the “separate but equal” doctrine was reversed as the Court ruled that separate facilities were inherently unequal and public schools were ordered to desegregate nationwide.
What is Brown v Board of Education ?
400
This principle is illustrated by the executive power to veto any laws passed by the legislative branch.
What is checks and balances?
400
This amendment to the Constitution resulted from the work of women that began at the Seneca Falls Convention in the mid-19th century and would lead to women eventually gaining the right to vote.
What is the 19th Amendment?
400
This act in 1941 showed support to the Allies in World War II as it allowed President Franklin Roosevelt to sell, lend or lease supplies that were considered necessary “to the defense of the United States” and resulted in the US giving more than $50 million to Britain.
What is the Lend-Lease Act?
400
These two Italian immigrants and anarchists were charged and convicted with murder despite a lack of evidence and sentenced to death showing the existence of nativism that was present in the US during the 1920s.
Who are Sacco and Vanzetti?
500
In this 1944 case, the Supreme Court upheld FDR’s order forcing the Japanese Americans to relocate to internment camps on the basis that constitutional liberties may be limited during times of war.
What is Korematsu v US?
500
President Thomas Jefferson struggled with this belief of favoring an interpretation of the Constitution exactly as it was written when he negotiated the Louisiana Purchase which would nearly double the size of the US at the time and open up westward exploration.
What is strict construction?
500
His novel The Jungle exposed unsanitary practices of the meatpacking industry and resulted in the Meat Inspection Act that created federal regulations and an inspection process for meatpacking plants.
Who is Upton Sinclair?
500
This policy advocated by President Richard Nixon refers to a relaxation of tensions between the US and the USSR during the 1970s and was marked by the signing of the SALT treaty limiting the production of nuclear arms.
What is détente?
500
This trial in which a biology teacher was tried and convicted for teaching evolution because it contradicted the Bible showed a clash of cultural values that existed throughout the decade.
What is the Scopes Monkey Trial?
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