America's Founding Ideals
Which ideal refers to the chance for invidiuals to pursue their hopes and dreams for a better life?
Opportunity
What was the Bessemer Process during the late 1800s?
It made steel production faster and cheaper
Long hours, low pay, unsafe working conditions, etc.
Name one push factor that caused Europeans to immigrate to the United States
Poverty, famine, religious persecution, etc.
What did the 1890 Census Bureau declare about the American frontier?
It was closed, marking the end of westward expansion
In 1776, what did liberty look like to many colonists?
Protection from tyranny and freedom from British control
What impact did Thomas Edison's invention of the electric light bulb have on American society?
It extended working hours and improved daily life with safer lighting
Why did many children work in factories and mines during the 1800s?
Their families needed additional income
How did the "America Letters" attract European immigrants to the United States?
They described opportunities and a better life, encouraging their friends and families to immigrate to America.
What was a major challenge faced by urban slum residents in the late 19th century?
Fire hazards, disease, poor sanitation, overcrowding, etc.
What is an ideal?
A standard of perfection that should we aim to achieve
How did John D. Rockefeller expand his business and gain control of the oil industry?
Through horizontal integration, buying out his competitors to create a monopoly
What was one major goal of early labor unions in the United States?
To secure better wages, working conditions, shorter hours, etc.
What was the purpose of the medical inspection at Ellis Island?
To ensure immigrants did not carry contagious diseases into the U.S.
What was the significance of The Jungle by Upton Sinclair?
It exposed unsanitary conditions in the meatpacking industry, leading to reforms like the Pure Food and Drug Act
Why was the ideal of equality problematic in 1776?
Slavery and the lack of rights for women and non-landowners contradicted the principle of equality.
What was the primary purpose of Frederick W. Taylor's time and motion studies in the workplace?
To improve efficiency and increase productivity
The government often sided with businesses, sending troops to end strikes
What was the main reason behind the passage of the Chinese Exclusion Act in 1882?
To limit Chinese immigration due to widespread nativism and economic competition
How did political machines gain and maintain power in cities?
By offering services to immigrants n exchange for votes
How does the founding ideal of democracy shape modern American government?
It ensures that power is derived from the consent of the governed through elections.
How did industrialization contribute to urbanization in the late 19th century?
Factories in cities created jobs, drawing people from rural areas and immigrants to urban centers.
How did the rise of monopolies and trusts in the early 1900s hurt the economy?
The stifled competition, leading to higher prices and decreased innovation
Compare the immigrant experiences at Ellis Island versus Angel Island
Ellis island processed mainly European immigrants quickly, while Angel Island detained many Asian immigrants under harsh conditions
What actions did Progressive reformers take to address urban poverty?
They established settlement houses, improved public health, pushed for housing reforms, etc.