Immigration and Urbanization
Political Machines
Jim Crow
Progressivism
Progressive pt 2
100
Define immigrant Define emigrant
immigrant - a person who enters in to a country emigrant - a person exiting a country
100
What is "graft"?
Using your political power and position to earn money through dishonest and illegal means
100
Where did the name Jim Crow come from?
Name is derived from a minstrel show called "Jumping Jim Crow" performed first by performer Thomas "Daddy" Rice.
100
What is the Progressive Movement?
a period of social activism and political reform that worked to cure many of the social ills of the late 1800s and early 1900s
100
What is temperance? What is prohibition? How did Progressives outlaw alcohol in America?
Temperance - limiting or moderating the amount of alcohol consumed Prohibition - outlawing the production, sale, and consumption of alcohol Progressives supported and were successful in passing the 18th Amendment, which outlawed alcohol in America.
200
What were the two main points of arrival that we discussed in class?
East Coast: Ellis Island West Coast: Angle Island
200
What is a political machine? Where and when did they arise?
Political machines were political groups that worked to gain and keep political power. They arose in major cities during the period of urbanization during the late 1800s. They responded to the increased demand for city services, housing, and jobs of new city dwellers. In exchange, political machines expected political support.
200
What was sharecropping? Black farmers who escaped sharecropping by moving west (Kansas) were called what?
Sharecropping was the practice of white landowners renting their land to poor black (and some white) farmers in exchange share of their crop. The terms of the lease were often unfavorable to the renters, to the point of being described as "slavery by another name." Black farmers that moved west were known as "Exodusters"
200
What is a muckraker? What muckrakers have we discussed and what issues did they focus on?
Muckraker - a journalist that uncovers abuses and corruption in society, major players during the progressive movement Jacob Riis - urban poor Thomas Nast - political machines corruption Upton Sinclair - consumer protection John Spargo - child labor Ida Tarbell - unfair business practices Charles Edward Russell - unfair business practices Lincoln Steffens - vote stealing and political machine corruption
200
Who was Robert LaFollette and why was his state known as a"Laboratory of Democracy"?
He was the progressive governor of Wisconsin. Wisconsin was known as a laboratory of Democracy because it led the way in numerous progressive reforms that were later adopted by other states.
300
What impact did immigrants have American cities?
Answers can vary, but should include: - immigrants increased city population, leading to urbanization - immigrants from the same countries and areas often gathered in the same area to form ethnic neighborhoods - immigrants often received assistance from political machines in exchange for their support, which helped increase PM's power
300
What was the major political machine in New York City and who was its infamous political boss?
Tammany Hall William "Boss" Tweed
300
What was the name and the details of the major Supreme Court case that established the principle of "separate, but equal"?
Plessy v. Ferguson Homer Plessy was a 1/8th black man who appeared white and worked to test a Louisiana law the required segregation of train cars. Plessy was arrested and his court case was appealed all the way to the Supreme Court. The Court ruled that Plessy's rights as a citizen were not violated, as he had access to a separate black train car.
300
What were the major reforms to government that progressives were able to obtain at the state level?
direct primary - voters, not political machines choose who runs for a position initiative - voters can submit a proposed law to a popular vote by obtaining a required number of signatures referendum - voters can approve or disapprove proposed legislation or a proposed constitutional amendment. recall - voters vote on the removal of officials from office before the end of their term. 17th Amendment - direct election of Senators, taking power away from
300
Who was Upton Sinclair and what major progressive reforms did his work help bring about?
Upton Sinclair was a progressive muckraker/novelist who wrote the novel "The Jungle," which revealed the many problems with Chicago's meatpacking industry. The public and government's response to the book resulted in progressive reform through the Meat Inspection Act and the Pure Food and Drug Act.
400
Who was Jacob Riis? How is he associated with urbanization?
Jacob Riis was a progressive muckraker that worked in New York City during the late 1800s. He took photos of the urban poor and brought their issues to attention of the middle and upper class. His work helped to bring to light the issues of urbanization.
400
What were the reforms that progressives were able to implement to address the issue of political machines?
- utilities became owned by the public (public utilities) - use of the secret ballot during elections - changes in city government structure (city commissioners) - merit tests for city jobs and the Pendleton Civil Service Act
400
What are the Reconstruction Amendments? Name and describe.
13th - Outlawed slavery 14th - Granted citizenship to blacks 15th - gave black men the right to vote
400
What is suffrage? What two groups worked on extending suffrage to women? Where were their goals? How did women finally get the right to vote?
Suffrage = the right to vote. National Woman Suffrage Association - goal: Constitutional Amendment American Woman Suffrage Association - goal: win right to vote at state level The 19th Amendment gave women the right to vote.
400
The Newlands Act, the U.S. Forest Service, and the National Park Service were all measures passed during this President's (1) term as part of his ____(2)_______ efforts.
1) Roosevelt 2) conservation
500
What were the problems associated with Urbanization?
- housing (tenaments) - transportation - sanitation - crime - fire
500
Read the following quote. Does is describe Political Machines positively or negatively? What is a quote that proves this? "Tammany leaders are usually the natural leaders of the people in these districts, and they are originally good-natured, kindly men. No one has a more sincere liking than I for some of those common but generous fellows; their charity is real, at first. But they sell out their own people. They do give them coal and help them in their private troubles, but, as they (Tammany leaders) grow rich and powerful, the kindness goes out of the charity (gifts) and they not only collect at their saloons or in rents cash for their "goodness"; they not only ruin fathers and sons and cause the troubles they relieve; they sacrifice the children in the schools; let the Health Department neglect the tenements and, worst of all, plant vice (immoral or evil practices) in the neighborhood and in the homes of the poor."
Negative "They do give them coal and help them in their private troubles, but, as they (Tammany leaders) grow rich and powerful, the kindness goes out of the charity (gifts) and they not only collect at their saloons or in rents cash for their "goodness"; they not only ruin fathers and sons and cause the troubles they relieve; they sacrifice the children in the schools; let the Health Department neglect the tenements and, worst of all, plant vice (immoral or evil practices) in the neighborhood and in the homes of the poor."
500
What was racial etiquette and how was it enforced in the South during the era of Jim Crow?
Racial etiquette was the expectation of behavior between blacks and whites in the South. It was based upon slave-slaveowner relationship. Blacks were to not make eye contact, use formal titles, and demonstrate subservience. Black men were to avoid speaking to and interacting with white women. It was enforced by violence, including by groups such as the Klu Klux Klan. The pinnacle of this violence was lynching, the brutal murder of individuals by a group conducting outside of the legal system.
500
What was the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire? What progressive reform did it help support?
The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire was a workplace fire that occurred in factory in New York City that claimed the lives of nearly 150 workers, mostly women. The factory had numerous unsafe conditions, including locked doors, which caused so many deaths. The fire helped support reforms to workplace health and safety codes by Progressives, including workers compensation, limiting the number of hours worked, and building codes.
500
Under President Wilson, this act was passed to create regional reserve banks that could control the nation's interest rates and the amount of money in circulation.
The Federal Reserve Act of 1913
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