What was Beveridge's main argument?
The US should expand overseas as a moral and national duty
Who does Ames say will pay for the costs of imperialism?
American industry
Who introduced the resolution to annex Hawaii?
Congressman Francis G. Newlands
What does Kipling mean by “the White Man’s burden”?
Idea that white nations have a duty to civilize, rule, and uplift non-white people
What did McKinley see as the U.S. duty toward the Philippines?
To educate and Christianize the Filipino people
What kind of government does Beverage promise the new territories?
"Just, humane, civilizing" American Rule
Overall, what is Ames defending?
The republic, self‑government, and anti‑imperial principles.
What legal mechanism did the United States use to annex Hawaii?
Joint resolution of Congress
What tone does Kipling use to persuade his audience?
Serious
Did McKinley view imperialism as temporary or permanent?
He suggested it was temporary until Filipinos were ready.
What is a key criticism of Beveridge's view?
Denies self determinism and promotes imperialism
What phrase does Ames use to describe imperialist competition?
A “share of the booty” among European powers.
What was to happen to existing treaties between Hawaii and foreign nations?
They were considered null
What assumptions underlie Kipling’s message?
That Western culture is superior
How did McKinley justify American imperialism?
He framed it as a moral obligation to help "fellow-men for whom Christ also died."
What economic reason does Beveridge give for expansion?
New markets and natural resources
What is Ames’s main concern about acquiring the Philippines?
That imperial rule will undermine American democracy.
What role is President McKinley play in the annexation?
Finalized the annexation July 7th, 1898 when he signed the joint resolution into law
How might this poem have been used in the context of American imperialism around 1899?
As justification for the U.S. to colonize or control the Philippines, Cuba, and other territories gained after the Spanish‑American War.
Why did McKinley decide to keep the Philippines?
He believed returning them to Spain, giving them to other powers, or leaving them to self-rule would be dishonorable or impractical.
Who was Beveridge?
A strong leading voice in American Imperialism
What domestic danger does Ames warn imperialism poses?
It will erode free government and republican principles at home.
What historical context helped push the annexation forward in 1898?
The Spanish-American war
What kinds of sacrifices does Kipling suggest will be required of those taking on the burden?
Sending sons abroad, enduring blame and ingratitude, doing thankless work over long years.
What analogy did McKinley use to describe the U.S. role?
He compared it to a parent caring for a child.