CA#2 Review
independence recognized, boundaries extended to Canada to the north, the Mississippi River to the west, and Florida to the south
What is Signing the Treaty of Paris 1783?
1st battles of the war; “The shot heard ‘round the world”, involved the engagement of British soldiers with colonial “minutemen”
What is Battles of Lexington and Concord?
Colonists were forbidden to settle west of the Appalachian Mountains, Great Britain wanted a buffer zone between the colonists and American Indian tribes to reduce the threat of violence, but the colonists wanted to settle the fertile Ohio River Valley
What is the Proclamation of 1763?
fundamental rights or natural rights guaranteed to people naturally, possessed at birth, instead of being granted by the government
What are Unalienable rights?
Propagandist and journalist; wrote pamphlet “Common Sense” persuading Americans to join the Patriot cause.
Who is Thomas Paine?
argued for a stronger national government after experiencing the inadequacies of the Articles of Confederation;
What are Federalists?
after suffering several defeats, Washington took his army to Valley Forge for the winter of 1777. There the men were trained and became more of a professional army rather than militias. The winter was harsh and men suffered from starvation and frostbite.
What is Winter at Valley Forge?
system by which a nation increases its wealth and power by obtaining gold and silver from its colonies. It includes a favorable balance of trade. The colonies become a source of raw materials for the mother country.
What is Mercantilism?
the colonists who remained neutral, who chose not to take sides
What are Neutrals?
large population state plan that proposed representation based on population size
What is The Virginia Plan?
argued that a strong central government would threaten states’ rights; believed that the Revolution was fought to overcome abuses by a strong central government;
What is Anti-Federalists?
turning point of the war with victory for the Patriots, helped to convince France to ally with the American forces against Great Britain
What is Battle of Saratoga?
passed in 1774, also known as the Coercive Acts; British reaction to the Boston Tea Party; closed the port of Boston until the tea was paid for, restructured Massachusetts government, troops quartered in Boston and British officials accused of crimes sent to Great Britain or Canada for trial; colonists reacted by boycotting British goods; First Continental Congress convenes in September, 1774
What is Intolerable Acts?
the colonists who favored separating from Britain and becoming their own independent nation
What are Patriots?
Feared that the loss of one group of colonies would lead to the loss of others and the eventual decline of the empire. To prevent this, the Crown maintained an aggressive policy against colonial resistance. George III struggled to enforce royal authority throughout his reign.
Who is King George III?
protest led by the Sons of Liberty in which they dumped British tea into Boston Harbor to protest the Tea Act passed by Parliament
What is Boston Tea Party (1773)?
British forces surrendered after the capture of two British generals including Lord Cornwallis along with many Loyalists soldiers and sailors
What is Battle of Yorktown?
passed in 1765; required that all legal and commercial documents, such as diplomas, contracts, wills, newspapers, and playing cards, have an official stamp showing that a tax had been paid; British imposed the tax to generate revenue to help cover the cost of the French and Indian War
What is Stamp Act?
small population state plan that proposed equal representation among all states
What is The New Jersey Plan?
these were colonists who remained loyal to the British monarchy and disagreed with the Declaration of Independence
Who are Loyalists?
Taxation without representation, King has absolute power, Colonists not allowed to speak out against the King, Quartering Act forced colonists to house troops, Allowed homes to be searched without warrants, No trial by jury of peers, Suspending legislative bodies, and Using the military to take over civil authority.
What are Grievances in Declaration of Independence?
to raise money to help pay off the debt incurred from the French and Indian War, the British imposed taxes (Sugar Act, Stamp Act, Townshend Acts, Tea Act) on the colonist causing many to resent British rule and claim that taxation was imposed without representation in Parliament
What is British economic policies following the French and Indian War?
most significantly taxation; the debate turned into one regarding representation, the colonists did not have direct representation in Britain’s law-making body; Britain argued that the colonies had “virtual representation”
What is Lack of representation in Parliament?
Southern states delegates wanted other states to return escaped slaves. The Northwest Ordinance had set a precedent for this. The delegates agreed to a similar clause by including what became known as_________________________in Article IV of the Constitution.
What is The Fugitive Slave Clause?
Refers to the distribution of power between a federal government and the states within a union.
What is Federalism?