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What were some of the main reasons for the American Revolution?
Post-War Financial Constraint
The Intolerable Acts (1774)
Restrictions on Expansion
Enlightenment Ideas
Military Conflict and Escalation
salutary neglect
What was the first Great Awakening?
religious revival across the American colonies
Personal Salvation
Heart over Head: emphasized emotional responses to the gospel rather than just understanding doctrine.
"New Birth"
Equality before God: The movement preached that all people, including women and enslaved people, were spiritually equal and worthy of salvation
What is the Quartering act and what amendment is it?
It is the 3rd amendment which prohibits the government from forcing citizens to quarter (house and feed) soldiers in their homes during peacetime without consent, and only in a authorized manner during wartime.
What was the French and Indian war?
(1754–1763) was a North American conflict—part of the global Seven Years' War—where Great Britain defeated France, gaining control of Canada and the Ohio River Valley. Driven by competing claims to land, fur trade disputes, and the battle over the Ohio River Valley, Britain won, leading to massive debt and tensions that sparked the American Revolution. The war pitted British colonists and British troops against the French army, French colonists, and multiple Native American nations, who largely sided with the French due to better trade alliances and fear of British expansion.
What is the Declaration of Independence?
July 4, 1776, the Declaration of Independence marked the formal severance of 13 American colonies from Great Britain. It was born from rising revolutionary point of view, a year of armed conflict (starting in April 1775), and the rejection of British tyranny, fueled by unjust taxes like the Stamp Act
What does the quote, "Taxation Without Representation", mean?
It was signifying that colonists in the 1760s-70s believed it was tyrannical for the British Parliament to tax them without having elected representatives in that body.
From which battle was the quote "The shot heard around the world from?"
Battles of Lexington and Concord (April 19, 1775)
First military conflicts of the American Revolutionary War. Fought in Massachusetts, these battles began when British troops sought to seize colonial gunpowder, triggering armed resistance by local militia ("minutemen"). Known for the "shot heard 'round the world,"
What was the Sugar Act?
Passed on April 5, 1764, the Sugar Act was a British law designed to raise revenue from American colonies to pay off Seven Years' War debt and fund standing troops
What battle was a major American victory and convinced France to formally join the war against Britain?
Battle of Saratoga (October 1777):a pivotal American victory in the Revolutionary War in New York, where Continental forces under Generals Horatio Gates and Benedict Arnold forced British General John Burgoyne to surrender his entire army. It is considered the war's turning point because it secured crucial French military support.
This king of England was in power during the American Revolution
King George III
What was the Intolerable Act?
The Intolerable Acts (or Coercive Acts) were four or five punitive laws passed by British Parliament in March-June 1774 to punish Massachusetts for the Boston Tea Party.
What battle did George Washington plan a surprise attack on Christmas night?
Crossing the Delaware & Trenton (Dec 1776): a pivotal turning point in the American Revolution. It saved the patriot cause by boosting morale after a string of defeats, enabling a surprise victory against Hessian troops at Trenton. This audacious act reinvigorated the army and saved the revolution.
What was the Tea Act?
Passed by Britain's Parliament on May 10, 1773, the Tea Act aimed to bailout the struggling East India Company by granting it a monopoly on tea sales in the American colonies.
What was the Proclamation of 1763?
King George III on October 7, 1763, the Proclamation of 1763 prohibited British-American colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains, stretching from Canada to Georgia. All land west of this boundary was reserved for Native American tribes and to stabilize the frontier after the Seven Years' War, it forced settlers out of the Ohio Valley, causing widespread colonial resentment and fueling arguments that led to the American Revolution.
This famous patriot warned, “The British are coming!” during a midnight ride.
Paul Revere
What was the Boston Massacre?
on March 5, 1770, where British soldiers shot into a taunting mob in Boston, killing five colonists. It happened due to high tensions over British taxation and the occupation of Boston by soldiers enforcing these unpopular policies, acting as a key turning point toward the American Revolution, following the Townshend Acts (taxes on goods), colonists in Massachusetts were angry and resisting British rule.
The Battle of Bunker Hill?
The Battle of Bunker Hill (June 17, 1775) was the first major battle of the American Revolution, fought largely on Breed's Hill in Charlestown, MA. While technically a British victory, it proved untrained colonial militia could stand against professional British soldiers, resulting in heavy British casualties (over 1,000) and proving the war would be long and costly
What was the Stamp act?
the first direct tax on American colonists, requiring a treasury stamp on legal documents, newspapers, and playing cards to fund troops stationed in North America, raise funds to pay for the British army stationed in the American colonies after the French and Indian War.
What battle had a difficult winter that tested American determination?
Roughly 12,000 soldiers faced severe shortages of food, clothing, and shelter, resulting in nearly 2,000 to 3,000 deaths from disease and exposure. Despite these brutal conditions, the army emerged as a disciplined, professional fighting force thanks to training by Baron von Steuben who was appointed by George Washington to train the army, and his expertise in drilling, bayonet techniques, and army organization was essential to the successful war effort.
This group of colonists remained loyal to Great Britain during the war
The Loyalists
What was the Treaty of Paris?
Signed by Britain and the United States, officially recognizing American independence.
What was the Sons of Liberty?
The Sons of Liberty were a loosely organized, clandestine, and often violent political organization in the Thirteen Colonies, formed in summer 1765 to oppose unjust British taxes like the Stamp Act.
What was the Boston Tea Party Act?
On December 16, 1773, American colonists—organized by the Sons of Liberty and disguised as Mohawk Indians—boarded three ships at Griffin's Wharf in Boston and dumped 342 chests of British East India Company tea into the harbo
What battle forced British General Cornwallis to surrender to combined American and French forces?
The Battle of Yorktown (September 28 – October 19, 1781): This loss broke British political will, resulting in peace negotiations and the formal recognition of American independence in 1783.
Where was the brutal winter encampment that tested the strength and endurance of the Continental Army.
Valley Forge