Almost every war in history is started over natural resources
The French and British became very interested in the Ohio River Valley.
The Ohio River Valley did two things:
It allowed the French to travel from New France to Louisiana easily.
Fur traders and land speculators entered the Ohio Valley and became very interest in this part of North America.
100
In 1763 Native American religious leaders wanted to go to war with the British. These N.A.s attacked forts on the frontier.
The British did not want another war. What was their solution?
ROYAL PROCLAMATION OF 1763 = NO ONE CAN SETTLE WEST OF THE APPALCHIAN MOUNTS.
100
What were the Townshend Acts?
Taxed paper, paint, glass, & tea
Objective: raise $$$ to pay Royal Governors, judges
100
How did Lexington and Concord begin?
April 18, 1775: Gage sends 7,000 soldiers to capture colonial leaders at Concord (Paul Revere & William Dawes)--Skirmishes in Lexington & Concord begin
British retreat--Patriots ambush (British-249; Americans-88)
12 years of conflict ends in WAR!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
100
What is a Republic?
All citizens are equal under the law and the government gets its authority from the people
200
Before the war even started the British government suggested that they create an alliance with the Iroquois.
The 7 colonies sent representatives to meet with 150 Iroquois leaders in Albany.
This meeting accomplished two tasks, what where they?
The Iroquois agreed to remain neutral.
Britain can appoint one supreme commander of all troops to the colonies.
200
What was the Sugar Act?
It changed the tax rates on raw sugar and molasses. But…..it also placed taxes on silk, wine, and coffee.
200
What was the Tea Act?
British East Indian Tea Company: sell the tea in America without paying the normal taxes (this makes the price very low; lower than smuggled tea)
200
The original plans to attack Albany, NY were scrapped because General Howe (British) took a different plan. What did General Howe do?
(1) Howe to Philly to capture Continental Congress
(2) Proceeds slowly; Congress escapes
200
John Adams felt that democracy hurt a republican government. What did John Adams want to create for our government to make sure one side did not have too much power?
He argued that government needed checks and balances to stop any group from getting too strong and taking away minority rights.
Adams wanted a mixed government with a separation of powers among separate executive, legislative, and judicial branches.
300
What was the Albany Plan of Union?
Written by Benjamin Franklin, suggested that the colonies unite to form a federal government.
300
What was the Stamp Act?
Required Stamps to be placed on most printed materials, including newspapers, pamphlets, posters, wills, mortgages, deeds, licenses, diplomas…
300
What were the Intolerable Acts?
1. Closed Boston Harbor (economic distress)
2. Banned colonial legislatures in MA
3. Amends the Quartering Act (British soldiers ALLOWED IN HOMES)
4. British officials accused of murder would be tried in G.B.
300
The Americans win the Battle of Saratoga what were 3 significant outcomes of this battle?
(1) America captures 5,000 troops and equipment
(2) Most important: France joins war effort!!!!
(3) War is becoming unpopular in England
300
What was the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom?
It declared that Virginia no longer had an official church and the state could no longer collect taxes for the church.
400
What were the Terms of the Treaty of Paris?
(a) France --> give up all of her land in North America
(b) Spain --> got all French lands west of the Mississippi River but lost Florida to England.
(c) England --> got all French lands in North America east of the Mississippi
400
What did the Sugar Act allow the British to do?
British to seize goods without proper court procedures
British to presume someone was GUILTY of smuggling until proven innocent
400
What were the Declaration of Rights & Grievances To King George III?
(1) Direct Representation
(2) Repeal Intolerable Acts
(3) Threaten to cut off economic ties to Great Britain
400
What were some problems the Americans faced after the Battle of Saratoga?
(1) Naval Blockade=no goods in or out
(2) Unemployment bc of the war; poverty up!
(3) Army is under supplied: clothes made by towns, supplies gotten through surrender
(4) No funds to back the war
400
True or False: African American recieved Emancipation after the war?
False - Some AAs were freed after the war if they fought for independence, but the Slave industry was left intact after the war.
500
What was the effect of the French & Indian War on the colonies?
&
How did feelings between the British and Americans change?
It increased the size colonial empire in the Americas.
It greatly enlarged England’s debt.
Britain’s contempt for the colonials created bitter feelings.
(1) English officers felt colonists did NOT contribute.
(2) Colonists realize:
that the French are eliminated, do not need British help (b) different than English
England realize:
we need $$$, we have to start enforcing laws and TAX the colonists
500
What was the colonists reaction to the Stamp Act?
Non-importation agreement = Colonists pledging not to buy any British goods until the Stamp Act was repealed
500
Not every person in the American colonies was a patriot. Therefore waht percentage of individuals were patriots, loyalists, & neutral; and where did they live?
(1) 1/3rd Loyalist—Loyal to England
(2) 1/3rd Patriot—Wanted to rebel against England
(3) 1/3rd Neutral—Didn’t care either way (mostly RURAL)
500
How did the Battle of Yorktown Start?
AND.....
How did it end? (HINT: We won, it ended the war!!)
1. British army badly needs reinforcements (Cornwallis); coastal city of Yorktown
2. French navy blockade off coast of VA; faced army 2x size; continual shellings
French fleet prevents Cornwallis from being rescued or reinforced
October 19, 1781--Cornwallis surrenders 8,211 men to Washington
500
Why were Southern leaders uninterested in ending slavery?
Southern leaders were uninterested in ending slavery because they felt slaves were needed to sustain their agricultural economy.